US SB2938: Artificial Intelligence Risk Evaluation Act of 2025

In one paragraph

U.S. Congress's S. 2938, the Artificial Intelligence Risk Evaluation Act of 2025 (119th Congress), would require the Secretary of Energy to establish an Advanced Artificial Intelligence Evaluation Program. Developers of advanced AI systems (trained with more than 10^26 operations) would have to participate and give the Secretary requested materials, and could not deploy such a system in interstate or foreign commerce otherwise, with fines of at least $1,000,000 per day. It was referred to Senate Commerce on September 29, 2025; Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs held hearings September 30, 2026. It is pending in committee.

Plain-English summary, written with AI assistance. The official text controls.

What it means for business

None yet: the bill is pending. If enacted, developers of AI systems trained with over 10^26 operations would have to join the program and supply requested materials, or face fines of at least $1,000,000 per day.

Key provisions

1. 1Would define an advanced AI system as one trained using more than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations; the Secretary could propose a new definition by rule, which would not take effect until a joint resolution approving it is enacted
2. 2Would require each covered advanced AI system developer to participate in the program and, on request, give the Secretary materials such as code, training data, model weights, the interface engine, and training and architecture information (Sec. 4(a))
3. 3Would bar any person from deploying an advanced AI system in interstate or foreign commerce unless in compliance with the participation duty (Sec. 4(b))
4. 4Would set a fine of not less than $1,000,000 per day for a violation of Sec. 4(a) or (b) (Sec. 4(c))
5. 5Would define adverse AI incidents to include loss-of-control scenarios, weaponization by foreign adversaries, threats to critical infrastructure, and scheming behavior
6. 6Introduced by Sens. Hawley and Blumenthal September 29, 2025 and referred to Commerce; Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs held hearings September 30, 2026; no floor action

Latest legislative action

Sep 30, 2026. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Hearings held.