105 bills across 33 states regulating AI in healthcare — utilization review limits, prior authorization rules, clinical decision-making guardrails, and provider disclosure requirements.
Editorially curated and verified against primary sources. Updated automatically as new bills are tracked.
| State | Bill | Status | Effective | What It Does | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utilization Review & Prior Auth | |||||
| Alabama | SB 63 | Enacted (2026) | 2026-10-01 | Health care professional must make final decision when coverage is denied; prohibits sole reliance on AI; requires human oversight and disclosure of AI use. | Primary Source |
| Arizona | HB 2175 | Enacted (2025) | 2026-07-01 | State-licensed medical director must personally review any denial involving medical necessity; prohibits sole reliance on algorithms or automated systems for coverage denials. | Primary Source |
| California | SB 1120 | Enacted (2024) | 2025-01-01 | Health plans/disability insurers using AI for utilization review must base decisions on individual clinical history; final medical-necessity decision must be made by a licensed physician. | Primary Source |
| Clinical Decision Making | |||||
| Indiana | HB 1271 | Enacted (2026) | 2026-07-01 | Insurers prohibited from using automated processes/AI as sole basis for downcoding claims based on medical necessity without human review of medical record; must disclose AI use in adverse determinations. | Primary Source |
| Utilization Review & Prior Auth | |||||
| Maryland | HB 820 | Enacted (Ch. 747, 2025) | 2025-10-01 | Carriers, PBMs, and private review agents using AI for utilization review must ensure decisions based on individual clinical history; final decision by physician; quarterly adverse-decision reporting must indicate AI use. | Primary Source |
| Nebraska | LB 77 | Enacted (2025) | 2026-01-01 | AI output cannot be sole basis for evaluating medical necessity to deny/delay/modify health care services; AI use in utilization review must be disclosed to providers and enrollees. | Primary Source |
| Texas | SB 815 | Enacted (89R, 2025) | 2025-09-01 | Utilization review agent may not use AI as sole basis for adverse determination; only physician/licensed provider may determine medical necessity; TDI may audit AI use. | Primary Source |
| Washington | SB 5395 | Enacted (2026) | 2026-06-11 | Prohibits AI as sole means to deny/delay/modify health care services; requires licensed provider review for medical necessity denials. | Primary Source |
| State | Bill | Status | Effective | Category | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | SB 63 | Enacted (2026) | 2026-10-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Health care professional must make final decision when coverage is denied; prohibits sole reliance on AI; requires human oversight and disclosure of AI use. |
| Arizona | HB 2175 | Enacted (2025) | 2026-07-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | State-licensed medical director must personally review any denial involving medical necessity; prohibits sole reliance on algorithms or automated systems for coverage denials. |
| Arkansas | HB1297 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| California | SB 1120 | Enacted (2024) | 2025-01-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Health plans/disability insurers using AI for utilization review must base decisions on individual clinical history; final medical-necessity decision must be made by a licensed physician. |
| California | SB579 | Dead | 2024-01-01 | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services |
| California | SB 1146 | In Committee | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| California | AB 2575 | Unknown | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding | |
| California | AB512 | Vetoed | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| California | SB 903 | Unknown | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| California | AB 1979 | Unknown | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding | |
| California | AB2431 | Introduced | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding | |
| Colorado | HB 1195 | Passed One Chamber | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding | |
| Colorado | HB 1139 | Passed One Chamber | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Florida | S0794 | Dead | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Florida | H1555 | Unknown | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Florida | S0202 | Dead | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Florida | H0527 | Dead | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Georgia | SB 444 | In Committee | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Georgia | SB444 | In Committee | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Georgia | HB887 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Hawaii | HB2537 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Hawaii | SB2768 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Hawaii | SB2953 | Introduced | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| Hawaii | SB2167 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Hawaii | HB1787 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Hawaii | SB3027 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Illinois | HB4735 | Introduced | 2023-10-01 | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding |
| Illinois | SB3702 | Introduced | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding | |
| Illinois | HB4804 | Introduced | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding | |
| Illinois | SB1425 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Illinois | HB2472 | Passed Both Chambers | 2025-01-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization |
| Illinois | SB 1425 | Unknown | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Illinois | SB 3702 | In Committee | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding | |
| Illinois | SB3114 | Introduced | 2023-10-01 | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding |
| Illinois | HB5918 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Illinois | HB0035 | In Committee | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Illinois | HB 4804 | In Committee | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding | |
| Indiana | HB 1271 | Enacted (2026) | 2026-07-01 | Clinical Decision Making | Insurers prohibited from using automated processes/AI as sole basis for downcoding claims based on medical necessity without human review of medical record; must disclose AI use in adverse determinations. |
| Iowa | SF562 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Kansas | SB467 | Introduced | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| Kentucky | HB734 | Introduced | 2025-01-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare |
| Kentucky | HB455 | In Committee | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| Kentucky | HB641 | Introduced | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| Kentucky | SB34 | Introduced | 2025-01-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare |
| Louisiana | SB246 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Louisiana | SB5 | Introduced | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| Maine | LD1301 | Dead | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Maryland | HB 820 | Enacted (Ch. 747, 2025) | 2025-10-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Carriers, PBMs, and private review agents using AI for utilization review must ensure decisions based on individual clinical history; final decision by physician; quarterly adverse-decision reporting must indicate AI use. |
| Maryland | HB883 | In Committee | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| Maryland | HB795 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Maryland | HB1119 | Introduced | 2024-06-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare |
| Maryland | SB739 | Introduced | 2024-06-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare |
| Maryland | HB1385 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Massachusetts | H1210 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Michigan | HB 4536 | In Committee | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Michigan | HB 4537 | In Committee | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Minnesota | HF2500 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Minnesota | SF3984 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Mississippi | HB1717 | Dead | Clinical Decision Making | Governs AI-assisted clinical decisions or coding | |
| Nebraska | LB 77 | Enacted (2025) | 2026-01-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | AI output cannot be sole basis for evaluating medical necessity to deny/delay/modify health care services; AI use in utilization review must be disclosed to providers and enrollees. |
| New Hampshire | HB 1406 | Unknown | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| New Jersey | S1029 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| New York | A09149 | Introduced | 2024-04-08 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization |
| New York | S03008 | Passed Both Chambers | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| New York | A03008 | Introduced | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| New York | A01456 | Introduced | 2025-03-10 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization |
| New York | A09106 | Unknown | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| New York | A03991 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| New York | A08556 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| New York | A09654 | Introduced | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| New York | A09190 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| New York | S08484 | Unknown | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| New York | S07896 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| New York | A10005 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Ohio | SB164 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Ohio | HB579 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Oklahoma | HB3675 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Oklahoma | SB2038 | Introduced | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| Oklahoma | HB4083 | Introduced | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| Oklahoma | SB1967 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Oregon | SB1546 | Passed Both Chambers | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| Oregon | HB4085 | Dead | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Rhode Island | H7190 | Introduced | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| Rhode Island | S2010 | Introduced | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| Rhode Island | SB 2010 | In Committee | Provider Disclosure | Requires disclosure of AI use by healthcare providers | |
| South Carolina | S0443 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| South Carolina | S0920 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| South Carolina | H5206 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Tennessee | SB 2010 | In Committee | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Tennessee | SB 1580 | Unknown | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| Tennessee | HB1382 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Tennessee | SB1261 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Tennessee | SB 1261 | In Committee | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Tennessee | HB1866 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI in healthcare | |
| Texas | SB 815 | Enacted (89R, 2025) | 2025-09-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Utilization review agent may not use AI as sole basis for adverse determination; only physician/licensed provider may determine medical necessity; TDI may audit AI use. |
| Texas | HB2922 | Introduced | 2025-09-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization |
| Texas | HB4018 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Texas | SB1411 | Introduced | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Texas | SB1822 | In Committee | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization | |
| Virginia | SB269 | In Committee | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| Virginia | SB586 | In Committee | 2026-01-01 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Regulates AI use in utilization review or prior authorization |
| Virginia | HB669 | Introduced | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| Virginia | HB668 | Introduced | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| Virginia | SB 269 | Unknown | Mental Health Chatbots | Regulates AI chatbots for mental health services | |
| Washington | SB 5395 | Enacted (2026) | 2026-06-11 | Utilization Review & Prior Auth | Prohibits AI as sole means to deny/delay/modify health care services; requires licensed provider review for medical necessity denials. |
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As of 2026, 33 states have enacted or introduced legislation governing AI in healthcare. California's SB 1120 (eff. 2025) was among the first, requiring health plans to base AI-assisted utilization review decisions on individual clinical history. Texas SB 815 prohibits AI as sole basis for adverse determinations. Maryland, Nebraska, Alabama, Indiana, Arizona, and Washington have all enacted similar protections requiring human physician oversight.
A growing number of states prohibit health insurers from using AI as the sole basis to deny claims. Laws in California, Texas, Nebraska, and other states require that a licensed physician or healthcare professional make the final medical necessity determination. AI may assist the review process but cannot replace human clinical judgment for adverse decisions.
Yes. Several state laws require health plans and insurers to disclose when AI or algorithms are used in utilization review and coverage decisions. Nebraska LB 77 requires disclosure to both providers and enrollees. Maryland HB 820 mandates quarterly reporting that indicates AI use in adverse decisions. Indiana HB 1271 requires disclosure of AI use in adverse determinations related to downcoding.