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Frontier AI Laws by State

51 bills across 19 states — frontier model disclosure requirements, safety incident reporting obligations, and whistleblower protections for AI safety researchers. California and New York have enacted laws; other states are developing proposals.

19 states, 51 bills
3
Compute Threshold Regulation
35
Frontier Model Disclosure
2
Safety Framework
11
Safety Incident Reporting

Key Enacted Frontier AI Laws

Editorially curated; each row was checked against the official record (legislature or agency) on October 8, 2026.

State Bill Status Effective Category Source
Frontier Model Disclosure
California SB 53 (Transparency in Frontier AI Act) Enacted January 1, 2026 Frontier Model Disclosure Primary Source
New York RAISE Act (S6953-B, amended by S8828) Enacted (signed Dec 19, 2025; chapter amendment signed March 27, 2026) January 1, 2027 Frontier Model Disclosure Primary Source
Related tracker: AI Disclosure Tracker — includes CA SB 53 (frontier model transparency), AB 2013 (training data), and other state disclosure laws.

All Frontier AI Bills

State Bill Status Effective Category Summary
Arizona HB4098 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
California SB 53 (Transparency in Frontier AI Act) Enacted January 1, 2026 Frontier Model Disclosure Frontier model developers (>10^26 ops compute) must publish transparency reports, report critical safety incidents within 15 days, follow whistleblower procedures. Large developers (>$500M revenue) face additional safety framework requirements. Civil penalty up to $1M/violation.
California SB53 Enacted January 1, 2026 Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
California SB1047 Vetoed Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
California AB 2653 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Connecticut SB1295 Enacted July 1, 2026 Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Connecticut SB00005 Enacted Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
Florida S1680 Enacted July 1, 2024 Compute Threshold Regulation Regulates AI systems above compute training thresholds
Florida H1361 Enacted July 1, 2024 Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Idaho H0687 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Idaho S 1297 Enacted July 1, 2027 Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Illinois SB315 Enacted January 1, 2027 Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
Illinois HB2949 Enacted Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Illinois SB 3444 In Committee Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Illinois HB 4705 In Committee Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
Illinois HB 4799 In Committee Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Illinois HB3506 In Committee Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
Illinois SB 3261 In Committee Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Illinois SB 3312 In Committee Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Illinois HB5760 In Committee Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Louisiana SB 474 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Maryland HB1399 Dead/Failed Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
Maryland HB1477 Dead/Failed Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
Massachusetts S37 Introduced Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Massachusetts S2630 In Committee Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Michigan HB4668 In Committee Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Minnesota HF4532 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Requires transparency reporting for frontier AI developers
Minnesota SF4509 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Requires transparency reporting for frontier AI developers
Nebraska LB1083 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
New Jersey AR158 Dead/Failed Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
New Jersey SR52 In Committee Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
New Jersey SR121 Dead/Failed Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
New York RAISE Act (S6953-B, amended by S8828) Enacted (signed Dec 19, 2025; chapter amendment signed March 27, 2026) January 1, 2027 Frontier Model Disclosure Covered frontier AI developers must report safety incidents within 72 hours. Enforced by the Attorney General with civil penalties up to $1M for a first violation and $3M for subsequent violations. Takes effect January 1, 2027.
New York S10373 In Committee Safety Framework Requires safety frameworks for large frontier AI developers
New York S06953 Enacted January 1, 2027 Compute Threshold Regulation Regulates AI systems above compute training thresholds
New York A10583 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
New York A07278 Introduced Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
New York S10456 In Committee Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
New York S8828 Enacted January 1, 2027 Safety Framework Requires safety frameworks for large frontier AI developers
Ohio HB628 In Committee Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Tennessee HB 1898 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Tennessee SB 2171 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
United States (Federal) HB7434 In Committee Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
United States (Federal) HB5315 Introduced Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
United States (Federal) HB3460 Introduced Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
United States (Federal) HB3434 Introduced Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
United States (Federal) SB1792 Introduced Safety Incident Reporting Requires safety incident disclosure and whistleblower protections
United States (Federal) SB1775 Introduced Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
United States (Federal) HB8094 Introduced Compute Threshold Regulation Regulates AI systems above compute training thresholds
Utah HB0286 Dead/Failed Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
Vermont S0071 Enacted January 1, 2028 Frontier Model Disclosure Regulates frontier AI model development and deployment
AI Disclosure Tracker Healthcare AI Tracker All 50 States

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a frontier AI model?

The largest general-purpose AI models. California SB 53 defines a frontier model by training compute of more than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations.

What does California SB 53 require?

SB 53 (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025), effective January 1, 2026, requires frontier developers to publish transparency reports and report critical safety incidents within 15 days, protects whistleblowers, and requires large frontier developers (over $500 million in annual revenue) to publish a safety framework. The Attorney General can seek civil penalties up to $1 million per violation.

What is the New York RAISE Act?

The RAISE Act (S6953-B) was signed December 19, 2025 (Chapter 699), and a chapter amendment (S8828) was signed March 27, 2026. It takes effect January 1, 2027. Covered frontier AI developers must report safety incidents within 72 hours, and the Attorney General can seek civil penalties of up to $1 million for a first violation and $3 million for later violations.

Flagship rows checked against official records on October 8, 2026. Only bills with verified primary sources are included as flagship rows. Updated automatically as new bills are published. Have a correction? Contact us.

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