State AI law
Maryland
AI laws
We track 68 artificial-intelligence bills and regulations in Maryland. 23 have been signed or enacted.
Last updated Oct 14, 2026 · How we collect and check bills
Where Maryland’s bills stand
68 bills- Introduced
- 0
- In committee
- 0
- Passed a chamber
- 0
- Signed or enacted
- 23
- Dead or vetoed
- 45
Overview
How Maryland regulates AI
Maryland has 68 published AI-related bills in our register, 23 of them signed or enacted. Every bill below links to its own page with the status, dates and a plain-English summary.
Industries these bills touch
Maryland AI law guides
For reporters
As of October 16, 2026, Maryland has enacted 23 AI laws, according to AI Laws by State. That ties for 5th most among the 50 states and D.C.
Free to quote and reuse with credit to AI Laws by State. Cite as: AI Laws by State, “Maryland AI laws,” ailawsbystate.com/state/MD, accessed October 16, 2026.
Deepfake Laws in Maryland
Maryland has enacted deepfake legislation. See how it compares with other states, including penalties, scope and enforcement.
Maryland AI bills
RSS feed for MarylandHigher Education - Maryland Artificial Intelligence Partnership
Maryland's SB 597 creates the Maryland Artificial Intelligence Partnership in the University System of Maryland as a single nexus for AI initiatives. It must develop a State AI strategic plan by December 1, 2026, report progress each December 1 from 2027, and set up Maryland Technology Extension Hubs, one pilot hub in each of three regions by December 15, 2027, linking small businesses to AI resources. It also creates an AI Public Service Fellowship placing public college students on State agency AI projects, an AI Incubation Lab for State agencies (subject to a memorandum of understanding) and a Morgan State AI research role. Approved May 26, 2026 (Chapter 633); effective July 1, 2026.
Education - Artificial Intelligence - Guidelines, Professional Development, and Collaborative (Artificial Intelligence Ready Schools Act)
Maryland's SB 720, the Artificial Intelligence Ready Schools Act, requires the State Department of Education to provide AI guidance online, with separate guidance for students, educators, administrators and parents, offer AI professional development, and publish a rubric that local school systems must use to evaluate AI tools. Each local school system must name a central-office AI coordinator and must have an AI policy within 120 days after the guidance is released. By June 1, 2027, AI literacy must be in K-12 computer science and workforce standards. An AI Education Collaborative reports by December 1, 2027 and ends May 31, 2028. Approved May 26, 2026 (Chapter 634); effective June 1, 2026.
3-1-1 Systems - Expansion Program and Oversight Board - Establishment
Maryland's Chapter 434 of 2026 creates the Maryland 3-1-1 Oversight Board in the Maryland Information Network and a 3-1-1 Program that uses AI chatbots and voicebots, drawing on agency-approved sources, to answer residents' non-emergency questions and route calls in pilot counties. Chatbots must start by June 30, 2027, with multilingual support and escalation to live agents; vendors track accuracy from user feedback, and agencies must correct inaccurate source pages. Voicebots, due by December 1, 2027, can transfer calls to 9-1-1, 2-1-1 and 9-8-8, and the program goes statewide by July 1, 2028. Effective July 1, 2026.
Criminal Law - Identity Fraud - Artificial Intelligence and Deepfake Representations
Maryland's Chapter 445 of 2026 adds AI and deepfakes to the state's identity fraud law. Knowingly, willfully and with fraudulent intent using AI or a deepfake (a realistic image, video or audio of an actual, identifiable person) to impersonate, falsely depict or claim to represent someone to cause harm, or to create or distribute false records to cause harm, get personal identifying information or get something of value, is a felony: up to 5 years and $10,000 with one victim, 10 years and $15,000 with two or more. Victims can sue for an injunction and other relief. Effective October 1, 2026.
Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes
Maryland's Chapter 444 of 2026 targets election misinformation and deepfakes. On a credible report of false information about voting, results or voting rights, including a deepfake, the State Administrator of Elections must publish corrections and may seek a court order to remove it from online platforms (not against platforms for users' posts) and subpoena records. The State Board can sue those who knowingly spread disinformation, or recklessly spread misinformation, for correction costs. Knowingly or recklessly using a deepfake to produce materially false election information meant to sway voters or petition signers is a misdemeanor: up to 5 years and $5,000. Effective June 1, 2026.
Consumer Protection - Artificial Intelligence - Behavioral Health Care Prohibitions
Maryland's HB 883 (2026, third reader text) would have barred developers of AI offered to Maryland consumers from representing that the AI is a behavioral health care provider or can provide behavioral health care, and from offering AI specifically programmed or designed to provide a service that would be behavioral health care if a provider delivered it. A violation would be an unfair, abusive or deceptive trade practice under the Maryland Consumer Protection Act. It passed the House 110-23 and was referred to Senate Finance, with a hearing set for April 1, 2026, but no further action is recorded and it died when the 2026 session ended.
Election Law - Actions to Influence an Election - Social Media Platform Algorithms and Bots Purchased by Foreign Nationals
Maryland's SB 697 (2026, third reader text) would have added Election Law section 13-251 presuming a social media platform made an independent expenditure if it knowingly and purposely changed its algorithm, without a legitimate business purpose or standard editorial policy, to amplify political content benefiting a clearly identified candidate. It would also have barred foreign nationals from using bots to spread campaign material or amplify political content. It passed the Senate 45-0, was referred to a House committee, and died when the 2026 session ended.
Consumer Protection - Companion Chatbots - Regulation
Maryland's HB 952 (2026, third reader text) would have required operators of companion chatbots available to Maryland users to keep and publish self-harm and minor sexual-content protocols, display warnings that the chatbot is not human (a persistent on-screen warning plus pop-ups at the start and after every hour of continuous use), limit personal data use, and run a complaint system. A chatbot would be treated as a product with strict liability exposure. It passed the House 123-4, was referred to Senate Finance, and died when the 2026 session ended.
Criminal Law - Child Sexual Abuse Material - Artificial Intelligence Software
Maryland's HB 1294 (2026, third reader text) would have replaced "child pornography" with "child sexual abuse material" in several statutes and amended Criminal Law section 11-208 so a "computer-generated image" includes images created through the use of artificial intelligence software. Section 11-208 already bars possessing or viewing a computer-generated image indistinguishable from an actual, identifiable child under 16; its existing penalties are up to 5 years and $2,500 (up to 10 years and $10,000 for a repeat offense). It passed the House 133-0, went to Senate Judicial Proceedings, and died when the 2026 session ended.
Health Insurance - Artificial Intelligence - Grievance Process and Reporting (AI Health Insurance Accountability Act of 2026)
Maryland's HB 795 (2026, the AI Health Insurance Accountability Act of 2026) would have required a carrier's internal grievance process to provide human review of adverse decisions made with AI, algorithms or other software tools, and added reporting of those grievances by claim type, member race, gender and profession, and policy type. It was introduced February 4, 2026, assigned to House Health, and withdrawn by its sponsor February 23, 2026, so it died.
County Boards of Education - Artificial Intelligence Training Program - Requirement
Maryland's SB 375 (2026, first reader text) would have added Education Article section 4-148 requiring the State Department of Education to develop or approve an AI training program for county board of education members, with foundational training and continuing annual training. New members would complete foundational training within 1 year of starting a term; members in office on July 1, 2026 would complete it by June 30, 2027. The bill had a hearing set for February 27, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Child Exploitation Material - Civil and Criminal Actions (Safe Kids Act)
Maryland's SB 989 (2026, the Safe Kids Act, cross-filed with HB 924) would have let a parent or guardian sue an online platform that knowingly and intentionally distributes, or creates or develops, unlawful child exploitation material, and would have amended Criminal Law section 11-208 so a computer-generated image includes one created through the use of artificial intelligence software. The history shows only first reading in Senate Rules on February 18, 2026, and the bill died when the 2026 session ended.
Consumer Protection - Artificial Intelligence Toys (Artificial Intelligence Toy Safety Act)
Maryland's HB 1261 (2026, the Artificial Intelligence Toy Safety Act, first reader text) would have set rules for toys that use AI and are marketed to or mainly used by children: no sexual, violent or emotionally manipulative content, verified parental consent, limits on child data, pre-sale and annual safety assessments, AI labels, and a civil penalty up to $50,000 per violation plus mandatory recall. It had a House Economic Matters hearing set for March 3, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Consumer Protection and Product Liability - Chatbots
Maryland's HB 1250 (2026, first reader text, cross-filed with SB 827) would have regulated operators and developers of generative AI chatbots made available to Maryland users: affirmative consent for training on input data, a ban on using chat logs for advertising, a 10-year cap on chat log retention, protections for users under 13, hourly not-human warnings, monthly safety testing, and product liability with possible strict liability. It had a House Economic Matters hearing set for March 3, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Algorithmic Addiction Fund – Establishment
Maryland's HB 715 (2026, first reader text, cross-filed with SB 602) would have created the Algorithmic Addiction Fund, administered by the Maryland Department of Health, to hold civil penalties the State receives from judgments or settlements over harm to children from social media and improper use of algorithms, for prevention, intervention and treatment programs. The fund would start only after such a judgment or settlement. It had a hearing set for March 10, 2026 in House Appropriations and died when the 2026 session ended.
Consumer Protection - Consumer Reporting Agencies - Use of Algorithmic Systems
Maryland's HB 1399 (2026, first reader text) would have added Commercial Law section 14-1228 requiring consumer reporting agencies that use algorithmic systems to assemble or evaluate consumer information to explain evaluations in plain language, keep a public registry of algorithms, meet error-rate targets, get quarterly independent bias audits, have humans review automated evaluations within 24 hours, and notify consumers when AI is used. It had a House Economic Matters hearing set for March 10, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Health Insurance - Use of Artificial Intelligence - Human Evaluation
Maryland's HB 1385 (2026, first reader text) would have amended Insurance section 15-10B-05.1 so that audits and compliance reviews of AI, algorithms or software tools used by carriers for utilization review include a human evaluation of the patient's medical records by a licensed health care professional who can question, modify or override the tool's determination, and quarterly performance reviews include a human evaluation of real-world health outcomes. It had a House Health hearing set for March 12, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Vehicle Laws - Fully Autonomous Vehicles
Maryland's HB 1295 (2026, first reader text, cross-filed with SB 909) would have allowed fully autonomous vehicles to operate without a human driver on Maryland highways if they meet safety, first responder plan and insurance requirements, including at least $1,000,000 combined single limit liability coverage when the automated system is engaged. It would have barred state and local bans on such vehicles. It had a House hearing set for March 5, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Consumer Protection and Labor and Employment - Electronic Shelving Labels and Surveillance-Based Price and Wage Setting - Prohibitions
Maryland's SB 889 (2026, first reader text) would have barred surveillance-based price setting (pricing consumer goods or services based on profiling or processing of consumer or device data), barred food retailers of at least 15,000 square feet from using electronic shelving labels to display prices, and barred employers from surveillance-based wage setting using surveillance data with an automated decision system. It had a Senate Finance hearing set for March 12, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Consumer Protection and Product Liability - Chatbots
Maryland's SB 827 (2026, first reader text, cross-filed with HB 1250) would have regulated operators and developers of generative AI chatbots made available to Maryland users: affirmative consent for training on input data, a ban on using chat logs for advertising, a 10-year cap on chat log retention, protections for users under 13, hourly not-human warnings, monthly safety testing, and product liability with possible strict liability. It had a Senate Finance hearing set for March 12, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Vehicle Laws - Fully Autonomous Vehicles
Maryland's SB 909 (2026, first reader text, cross-filed with HB 1295) would have allowed fully autonomous vehicles to operate without a human driver on Maryland highways if they meet safety, first responder plan and insurance requirements, including at least $1,000,000 combined single limit liability coverage when the automated system is engaged. It would have barred state and local bans on such vehicles. It had a Senate hearing set for March 4, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Algorithmic Addiction Fund - Establishment
Maryland's SB 602 (2026, first reader text, cross-filed with HB 715) would have created the Algorithmic Addiction Fund, administered by the Maryland Department of Health, to hold civil penalties the State receives from judgments or settlements over harm to children from social media and improper use of algorithms, for prevention, intervention and treatment programs. The fund would start only after such a judgment or settlement. It had a Senate Finance hearing set for February 24, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Law Enforcement - Use of Facial Recognition Technology - Images Captured in Dwelling Interior
Maryland's HB 756 (2026, first reader text) would have added an exception to Criminal Procedure section 2-503 letting law enforcement use facial recognition technology on still or video images captured by a camera inside a dwelling to investigate arson, burglary and trespass offenses. It had a House Judiciary hearing set for February 24, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Child Exploitation Material - Civil and Criminal Actions (Safe Kids Act)
Maryland's HB 924 (2026, the Safe Kids Act, cross-filed with SB 989) would have let a parent or guardian sue an online platform that knowingly and intentionally distributes, or creates or develops, unlawful child exploitation material, and would have amended Criminal Law section 11-208 so a computer-generated image includes one created through the use of artificial intelligence software. It was assigned to House Judiciary with a hearing set for March 4, 2026, and died when the 2026 session ended.
Law Enforcement – Use of Facial Recognition Technology – Images Captured by Camera Affixed to Dwelling Exterior
Maryland's HB 762 (2026, first reader text) would have added an exception to Criminal Procedure section 2-503 letting law enforcement use facial recognition technology on images captured by a camera affixed to a dwelling's exterior by the dwelling's owner or lawful tenant, to investigate arson, burglary and trespass offenses. It had a House Judiciary hearing set for February 24, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Civil Actions - Product Liability - Artificial Intelligence Systems
Maryland's HB 712 (2026, first reader text) would have added Courts and Judicial Proceedings sections 3-2701 to 3-2706 letting people sue developers and deployers of high-impact or generative AI systems for harm from a dangerous or defective product (design defect, failure to warn, express warranty), with comparative fault, joint and several liability, and Attorney General enforcement. It had a House Judiciary hearing set for February 25, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Task Force on Proactive Review of Audio and Video Recordings on Special Education Buses
Maryland's HB 530 (2026, first reader text) would have created a Task Force on Proactive Review of Audio and Video Recordings on Special Education Buses to study using AI tools to review bus recordings for student safety. The task force would report by December 1, 2026 and the Act would end June 30, 2027. It had a House Ways and Means hearing set for February 18, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Residential Leases - Use of Algorithmic Device by Landlord to Determine Rent, Occupancy, and Lease Terms - Prohibition
Maryland's HB 434 (2026, first reader text) would have added Real Property section 8-222 barring a landlord from using, relying on, or causing another to use an algorithmic device that uses, incorporates or was trained with nonpublic competitor data to set rent (including renewal changes), lease renewal terms, occupancy levels or other lease terms. A violation would be an unfair, abusive or deceptive trade practice. It had a House Economic Matters hearing set for February 19, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Consumer Protection and Labor and Employment - Surveillance-Based Price and Wage Setting - Prohibition
Maryland's HB 148 (2026) would have barred surveillance-based price setting (new Commercial Law section 14-1330) and surveillance-based wage setting (new Labor and Employment section 3-718): using surveillance data with an automated decision system to offer or inform a customized price or wage for an individual or group. It was pre-filed August 14, 2025, introduced January 14, 2026 and referred to Economic Matters, where the last recorded action was a February 10 hearing notice. It died when the 2026 session ended.
Courts - Artificial Intelligence Evidence Clinic Pilot Program - Establishment
Maryland's SB 655 creates an Artificial Intelligence Evidence Clinic Pilot Program in the Administrative Office of the Courts to give the circuit courts and District Court expert testimony on the authenticity of electronic evidence that a court determines may have been created or altered using AI. The program draws on students, recent graduates, faculty and technology professionals, prioritizes civil cases where a party lacks a lawyer or reasonable access to expert testimony, and runs through grants to colleges and universities. Vetoed May 16, 2025; veto overridden December 16, 2025 (Chapter 17 of the 2025 Special Session); effective January 15, 2026, 30 days after the override.
Health Insurance - Utilization Review - Use of Artificial Intelligence
Maryland HB 820 (2025) governs health insurers, pharmacy benefit managers and private review agents that use AI, algorithms or other software tools in utilization review. Tools must base determinations on the enrollee's own medical or clinical history and circumstances rather than solely on group data, may not replace the provider's role or discriminate unfairly, must be open to audit by the Insurance Commissioner, described in written policies and reviewed quarterly, and may not deny, delay or modify health care services. Carriers' quarterly reports must say whether AI was used in each adverse decision. Effective October 1, 2025.
Maryland Cybersecurity Council - Alterations
Maryland's HB 376 restructures the Maryland Cybersecurity Council and adds AI duties. Working with NIST, other federal agencies, businesses, nonprofits and experts, the Council must assess and address cybersecurity threats and associated risks from AI and quantum computing and address emerging AI threats, including adversarial AI, cyber attacks, deepfakes, unethical use and fraud. The Attorney General no longer chairs it; from October 1, 2025 members elect a chair and vice chair every 2 years. Appointed seats become designated ones, including nine higher education members (at least four with AI and quantum computing expertise). Approved May 20, 2025 (Chapter 627); effective October 1, 2025.
Excellence in Maryland Public Schools Act
Maryland HB 504 (2025), the Excellence in Maryland Public Schools Act, is a broad education bill with one AI provision. Section 4 provides that, from the 2025-2026 through the 2027-2028 school year, the digital-tool nonvisual and equivalent-access requirements of Education 7-910 do not apply to the procurement and use of a digital tool that uses artificial intelligence, as defined in State Finance and Procurement 3.5-801, to support student learning. Section 4 remains effective for three years and is abrogated after June 30, 2028. Effective July 1, 2025.
Consumer Protection - Workgroup on Artificial Intelligence Implementation
Maryland's HB 956 creates the Workgroup on Artificial Intelligence Implementation: legislators, the Attorney General, the Maryland Technology Development Corporation CEO and appointed industry, academic, labor, civil rights, privacy, consumer and cybersecurity representatives. It monitors and makes recommendations on AI, including regulating AI used in decisions that significantly impact people's livelihood and life opportunities, developer and deployer obligations, consumer rights and disclosures, Attorney General enforcement and AI in government benefit decisions, and reports yearly from July 1, 2026. Approved April 22, 2025 (Chapter 105); effective July 1, 2025; ends June 30, 2029.
Revenge Porn - Definition of Visual Representation and Civil Action
Maryland SB 360 (2025) redefines visual representation in the revenge porn statute, Criminal Law 3-809, to include an image created with or without other existing depictions of a person that is indistinguishable from the person to an ordinary observer, including a computer-generated image; drawings, cartoons, sculptures and paintings are excluded. Knowingly distributing such intimate images without consent and with intent to harm remains a misdemeanor up to 2 years and $5,000. Victims gain a civil action for defamation per se or invasion of privacy against distributors, with attorney fees. Effective July 1, 2025.
Election Law - Influence on a Voter's Voting Decision By Use of Fraud - Prohibition
Maryland's SB 361 (2025, third reader text) would have added to the election law ban on influencing a voter's decision by force, threat or bribery a ban on doing so through fraud, with fraud including the use of synthetic media: an image, audio or video recording intentionally created or manipulated with generative AI or other digital technology to create a realistic but false image or recording. Violators would face the existing misdemeanor penalty (up to $5,000, 5 years, or both). It passed the Senate, was amended by the House, and went to conference; the Senate adopted the conference report April 7, 2025 (39-8), but the history shows no House action on it, so it died.
Election Law - Influencing a Voter By Dissemination of a Deepfake - Prohibition
Maryland's HB 525 (2025, third reader) would have made it unlawful to influence or attempt to influence a voter's decision, with fraudulent intent, by disseminating a deepfake: a realistic but false depiction of a person (new Election Law section 16-905). A violation would have been a misdemeanor (fine up to $5,000, up to 5 years, or both). It passed the House 127-10 and was referred to the Senate Rules Committee on April 4, 2025, with no further action; it died when the session ended.
Criminal Law - Mail and Package Theft (Porch Piracy Act of 2025)
Maryland's HB 210 (2025, the Porch Piracy Act of 2025, third reader) is a mail and package theft bill. It would have made taking mail or a package addressed to someone else a felony (up to 5 years), created penalties for mail theft and arrow-key offenses, and added mail theft under Criminal Law section 3-905.1 to the list of crimes in Criminal Procedure section 2-503(a)(1)(i) that police may investigate using facial recognition technology. It passed the House 137-0 and was referred to Senate Judicial Proceedings March 17, 2025; it died when the session ended.
Education - Artificial Intelligence - Guidelines and Professional Development
Maryland's HB 1391 (2025, third reader) would have added Education Article subtitle 22 (sections 7-2201 to 7-2203) on artificial intelligence in schools: the State Department of Education would develop and periodically update K-12 guidance on classroom AI use and promote AI training, and the CTE committees would have to use that guidance before adding AI to career and technical education plans. It passed the House 128-11 and was referred to a Senate committee March 17, 2025; it died when the session ended.
Education - Artificial Intelligence - Guidelines, Professional Development, and Task Force
Maryland's SB 906 (2025) would have added Education Article subtitle 22 (sections 7-2201 to 7-2203): by August 1, 2026 the State Department of Education would develop K-12 guidance on classroom AI use, publish separate guidance for students, teachers and administrators, keep a list of approved AI tools, assess local systems, and receive county AI reports; a Task Force on AI in K-12 Education would report by December 1, 2026. It was referred to the Senate Education, Energy, and the Environment Committee with a hearing set for March 7, 2025, and died when the session ended.
Consumer Protection - Consumer Reporting Agencies - Use of Algorithmic Systems
Maryland's HB 1477 (2025) would have added Commercial Law section 14-1228 for consumer reporting agencies that use algorithmic systems to assemble or evaluate consumer information. They would have had to give plain-language explanations, keep a public registry of algorithms, meet error-rate and accuracy thresholds, get quarterly third-party bias audits, and have all automated evaluations reviewed by a human within 24 hours. It was introduced February 7, 2025, its March 4 hearing was canceled, and it died when the session ended.
State Department of Education and Department of Information Technology - Evaluation on Artificial Intelligence in Public Schools
Maryland's SB 704 (2025) would have required the State Department of Education to evaluate the use of artificial intelligence in public schools: a survey of every county board (sent by August 1, 2025, returned by October 1, 2025), a review of available AI systems with the Department of Information Technology, an interim report by January 1, 2026 and a final report by December 15, 2026. A Senate committee hearing was set for February 21, 2025; the bill went no further and died when the session ended.
Health Insurance - Artificial Intelligence, Adverse Decisions, and Grievances - Reporting Requirements
Maryland's HB 697 (2025) would have required each health insurance carrier to report quarterly to the Insurance Commissioner on how it creates, deploys and uses artificial intelligence or automated decision-making systems (new Insurance section 15-147), and expanded the demographic and call-center data carriers report on grievances and adverse decisions (section 15-10A-06). The sponsor withdrew it on February 17, 2025, after a canceled February 13 hearing.
State Department of Education and Department of Information Technology - Evaluation on Artificial Intelligence in Public Schools
Maryland's HB 981 (2025) would have required the State Department of Education to evaluate the use of artificial intelligence in public schools: a survey of every county board (distributed by August 1, 2025, returned by October 1, 2025), a review of AI systems with the Department of Information Technology, an interim report by January 1, 2026 and a final report by December 15, 2026. A hearing was set for February 24, 2025, and the bill died when the session ended.
Consumer Protection - High-Risk Artificial Intelligence - Developer and Deployer Requirements
Maryland's SB 936 (2025) would have added Commercial Law sections 14-47A-01 to 14-47A-08 requiring developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems used for consequential decisions to use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination starting February 1, 2026, with impact assessments, consumer notices and appeals. The Attorney General would enforce, with fines up to $1,000 per violation ($1,000 to $10,000 if willful). A Senate Finance hearing was set for February 27, 2025; the bill went no further and died when the session ended.
Generative Artificial Intelligence - Training Data Transparency
Maryland's HB 823 (2025) would have required developers of generative AI systems released on or after January 1, 2022 for public use in Maryland to publish documentation on their website describing the training data, on or before January 1, 2026 and before each release or substantial modification (new State Finance and Procurement section 3.5-807). A House Economic Matters hearing was set for February 18, 2025; the bill went no further and died when the session ended.
Election Law - Campaign Materials - Disclosure of Use of Synthetic Media
Maryland's HB 740 (2025) would have required candidates, campaign finance entities, certain registrants and their agents to include a disclosure when they distribute campaign material made with or containing synthetic media (an image, audio or video intentionally manipulated with generative AI or other digital technology to create a realistic but false depiction of a real individual's appearance, speech or conduct) to anyone in Maryland. Violations would have been a misdemeanor (fine up to $1,000, up to 1 year, or both). A hearing was set for February 11, 2025; it went no further and died when the session ended.
Criminal Procedure – Facial Recognition Technology – Requirements, Procedures, and Prohibitions
Maryland's HB 338 limits police use of facial recognition technology in criminal investigations to listed serious crimes (crimes of violence, human trafficking, child abuse, hate crimes, weapon crimes, stalking and others), bans live or real-time identification, and allows searches only of license, ID and mugshot photos unless an agreement governs another database. A trained person must verify each result before use; results cannot alone establish probable cause or identity and serve as evidence only for warrants and preliminary hearings. Agencies must audit, post policies and report yearly. Signed May 16, 2024 (Chapter 809; identical to SB 182, Chapter 808); effective October 1, 2024.
Criminal Procedure - Facial Recognition Technology - Requirements, Procedures, and Prohibitions
Maryland's SB 182 limits police use of facial recognition technology in criminal investigations to listed serious crimes (crimes of violence, human trafficking, child abuse, hate crimes, weapon crimes, stalking and others), bans live or real-time identification, and allows searches only of license, ID and mugshot photos unless an agreement governs another database. A trained person must verify each result before use; results cannot alone establish probable cause or identity and serve as evidence only for warrants and preliminary hearings. Agencies must audit, post policies and report yearly. Signed May 16, 2024 (Chapter 808; identical to HB 338, Chapter 809); effective October 1, 2024.
Department of Information Technology - Evaluation and Development of a 3-1-1 Portal Using Artificial Intelligence
Maryland SB 1068 (2024) was amended down to a statement of intent. It is the intent of the General Assembly that the Department of Information Technology evaluate the potential of artificial intelligence in creating a statewide virtual 3-1-1 portal for nonemergency government information and services and, if AI is feasible for that purpose, prioritize creating the portal. The board and codified sections in the introduced bill were struck. Effective July 1, 2024. The 2026 3-1-1 law (SB 114) is a separate act.
Consumer Protection – Online Products and Services – Data of Children (Maryland Kids Code)
Maryland's SB 571 (Kids Code) covers for-profit firms doing business in Maryland that have over $25M revenue, buy, receive, sell or share data of 50,000+ consumers, households or devices yearly, or get at least half their revenue from data sales. For online products reasonably likely to be accessed by under-18s they must do impact assessments (existing ones by April 1, 2026) and set high-privacy defaults. AI-related: no default profiling of children without safeguards and need or a compelling reason; assessments weigh algorithm harms. Fines up to $7,500 per child per violation. Signed May 9, 2024 (Chapter 460; same as HB 603); effective October 1, 2024. Not enjoined; NetChoice suit pending.
Information Technology - Artificial Intelligence - Policies and Procedures (Artificial Intelligence Governance Act of 2024)
Maryland's SB 818, the Artificial Intelligence Governance Act of 2024, governs AI used by Executive Branch agencies. Agencies must inventory their data, including data used in AI, by December 1, 2024 and yearly, and their high-risk AI systems by December 1, 2025 and regularly after, and assess high-risk systems by December 31, 2026 (procured on or after February 1, 2026) or July 1, 2027 (procured earlier). The Department of Information Technology was to adopt high-risk AI policies by December 1, 2024; from July 1, 2025 agencies may not procure or deploy a new AI system that does not comply. It codifies the Governor's AI Subcabinet. Signed May 9, 2024 (Chapter 496); effective July 1, 2024.
Consumer Protection - Online Products and Services - Data of Children (Maryland Kids Code)
Maryland's HB 603 (Kids Code) covers for-profit firms doing business in Maryland that have over $25M revenue, buy, receive, sell or share data of 50,000+ consumers, households or devices yearly, or get at least half their revenue from data sales. For online products reasonably likely to be accessed by under-18s they must do impact assessments (existing ones by April 1, 2026) and set high-privacy defaults. AI-related: no default profiling of children without safeguards and need or a compelling reason; assessments weigh algorithm harms. Fines up to $7,500 per child per violation. Signed May 9, 2024 (Chapter 461; same as SB 571); effective October 1, 2024. Not enjoined; NetChoice suit pending.
Education - Artificial Intelligence - Study and Regulations
Maryland's HB 1297 (2024, third reader) would have required the State Department of Education to conduct a comprehensive study of the potential use of artificial intelligence in public schools, including best practices for safe, responsible and ethical use and for protecting student and school personnel personal information, report to the Governor and General Assembly by December 1, 2024, and adopt regulations based on the study by June 1, 2025. House amendments replaced the first-reader guidelines, inventory, policy and pilot program provisions with this study. It passed the House 134-5, was referred to a Senate committee March 18, 2024, and died when the session ended.
Aligning With the Blueprint for an Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (Maryland Safe Artificial Intelligence Act)
Maryland's HJ 4 (2024) is a House joint resolution, the Maryland Safe Artificial Intelligence Act, that would have had the General Assembly affirm its commitment to President Biden's vision for safe AI and the principles of the Blueprint for an Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights, and to examining and implementing those principles in legislation and policies on AI. It does not amend any statute or create legal requirements. After a March 11 hearing notice in House Rules and Executive Nominations it was not adopted, and it died when the session ended.
Algorithmic Addiction Fund - Establishment
Maryland's HB 1119 (2024) would have created the Algorithmic Addiction Fund, a special nonlapsing fund in the Maryland Department of Health holding revenue the State receives from judgments or settlements with technology or social media companies, to pay for algorithmic addiction research, prevention, intervention and treatment services. A House Appropriations hearing was set for February 28, 2024; it went no further and died when the session ended. The bill does not define "algorithmic addiction" and does not regulate algorithms.
Labor and Employment - Automated Employment Decision Tools - Prohibition
Maryland's HB 1255 (2024) would have barred employers from using automated employment decision tools to screen applicants or decide terms of employment unless the tool passed a yearly impact assessment finding no high-risk action, and required employers to notify affected applicants within 30 days of use. Civil penalties would start at up to $500 per violation. An Economic Matters hearing was set for March 6, 2024; it went no further and died when the session ended.
Labor and Employment – Automated Employment Decision Tools – Prohibition
Maryland's SB 957 (2024) would have barred employers from using automated employment decision tools to screen applicants or decide terms of employment unless the tool passed a yearly impact assessment finding no high-risk action, and required employers to notify affected applicants within 30 days of use. Civil penalties would start at up to $500 per violation. A Senate Finance hearing was set for March 14, 2024; it went no further and died when the session ended.
Maryland Artificial Intelligence Advisory and Oversight Commission
Maryland's SB 1087 (2024) would have created a 10-member Maryland Artificial Intelligence Advisory and Oversight Commission (new State Finance and Procurement section 3.5-205) to guide the State in growing, developing, using and diversifying AI, with reports to the Governor and General Assembly by December 1, 2024 and annually. A Senate committee hearing was set for February 22, 2024; it went no further and died when the session ended.
Education - Artificial Intelligence - Guidelines and Pilot Program
Maryland's SB 979 (2024) would have added Education Article subtitle 22 (sections 7-2201 to 7-2203): the State Department of Education would develop guidelines for county boards on safe, responsible and ethical AI use in consultation with the Governor's AI Subcabinet, and adopt policies against unlawful discrimination and unapproved collection of personal information. A Senate committee hearing was set for March 6, 2024; it went no further and died when the session ended.
Election Law – Campaign Materials – Disclosure of Use of Synthetic Media
Maryland's HB 872 (2024) would have required candidates, campaign finance entities, certain registrants and their agents to include a disclosure when they distribute campaign material made with or containing synthetic media (an image, audio or video intentionally manipulated with generative AI or other digital technology to create a realistic but false version) to anyone in Maryland. Violations would have been a misdemeanor (up to $1,000, 1 year, or both). A hearing was set for February 27, 2024; it went no further and died when the session ended.
Algorithmic Addiction Fund - Establishment
Maryland's SB 739 (2024) would have created the Algorithmic Addiction Fund, a special nonlapsing fund holding revenue the State receives from judgments or settlements with technology or social media companies on State-law damages claims, plus money appropriated in the State budget, for algorithmic addiction prevention and treatment. The Secretary of Health would set goals, run a grant program and report each November 1. A Senate Finance hearing was set for February 20, 2024; it died when the session ended.
Vehicle Laws - Autonomous Vehicle Converters - Sale of Autonomous Vehicles
Maryland's 2023 autonomous vehicle converter law creates Transportation Article Subtitle 9. An autonomous vehicle converter alters a new or used vehicle in compliance with federal safety requirements and installs an automated driving system, the hardware and software capable of performing part or all of the dynamic driving task, producing a converted autonomous vehicle. For vehicles intended for commercial or industrial use, a converter may sell, lease or resell converted vehicles notwithstanding dealer and manufacturer licensing laws, and may not be licensed as a manufacturer or dealer. Effective July 1, 2023.
Vehicle Laws - Autonomous Vehicle Converters - Sale of Autonomous Vehicles
Maryland's 2023 autonomous vehicle converter law creates Transportation Article Subtitle 9. An autonomous vehicle converter alters a new or used vehicle in compliance with federal safety requirements and installs an automated driving system, the hardware and software capable of performing part or all of the dynamic driving task, producing a converted autonomous vehicle. For vehicles intended for commercial or industrial use, a converter may sell, lease or resell converted vehicles notwithstanding dealer and manufacturer licensing laws, and may not be licensed as a manufacturer or dealer. Effective July 1, 2023.
Vehicle Laws - Personal Delivery Devices - Standards and Requirements
Maryland SB 726 (2021) authorizes personal delivery devices: powered devices up to 550 pounds, used mainly on shoulders, sidewalks and crosswalks to carry property and capable of navigating with or without the active control or monitoring of an individual. They need no registration, must yield and obey traffic and pedestrian controls, are capped at 7 mph on sidewalks and crosswalks, and need ID markings, a controlled-stop system, lights and $100,000 of liability coverage. Operators file emergency response plans with the MVA and notify localities. Section 1 takes effect July 1, 2022; the rest July 1, 2021.
Labor and Employment - Use of Facial Recognition Services - Prohibition
Maryland's HB 1202 bars employers from using a facial recognition service to create a facial template (the machine-interpretable pattern of facial features extracted from images) during a job applicant's interview unless the applicant consents by signing a waiver. The waiver must state in plain language the applicant's name, the interview date, that the applicant consents to facial recognition during the interview, and whether the applicant read the waiver. The act itself sets no penalty. Became law without the Governor's signature (Chapter 446, May 8, 2020); effective October 1, 2020.
Criminal Law - Child Pornography
Maryland's 2019 child pornography law amends Criminal Law 11-208 so the possession offense covers a computer-generated image that has been created, adapted or modified to appear as an actual and identifiable child under 16 engaged in sexual conduct, sadomasochistic abuse or sexual excitement, meaning an ordinary person would conclude it shows an actual, identifiable minor. Drawings, cartoons, sculptures and paintings are excluded. A first offense is a misdemeanor up to 5 years; later offenses are felonies up to 10 years. It also adds digital reproductions to the definition of matter. Effective October 1, 2019.
Criminal Law - Child Pornography
Maryland's 2019 child pornography law amends Criminal Law 11-208 so the possession offense covers a computer-generated image that has been created, adapted or modified to appear as an actual and identifiable child under 16 engaged in sexual conduct, sadomasochistic abuse or sexual excitement, meaning an ordinary person would conclude it shows an actual, identifiable minor. Drawings, cartoons, sculptures and paintings are excluded. A first offense is a misdemeanor up to 5 years; later offenses are felonies up to 10 years. It also adds digital reproductions to the definition of matter. Effective October 1, 2019.
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