AI bias audit laws require organizations deploying automated decision systems to conduct independent audits evaluating whether their AI produces discriminatory outcomes. Pioneered by New York City's Local Law 144, bias audit mandates are spreading across state legislatures — requiring third-party testing, public disclosure of audit results, and ongoing monitoring of AI systems used in hiring, lending, housing, insurance, and other high-stakes domains.
Key regulatory themes include mandatory annual or biennial audits, qualified auditor requirements, disparate impact analysis across protected classes, public reporting obligations, and penalties for non-compliance. Several states are also requiring pre-deployment impact assessments that overlap with bias audit requirements.
Virginia Human Rights Act; equal credit opportunities, Virginia Fair Housing Law, nondiscrimination.
The bill mandates nondiscrimination in automated decision systems, addressing unlawful practices under the Virginia Human Rights Act, equal credit opportunities, and the Virginia Fair Housing Law, and prohibits using proxies for protected characteristics.
Consumer Protection - Online Products and Services - Data of Children (Maryland Kids Code)
The bill mandates data protection assessments for online products likely accessed by children and sets privacy protections, including monitoring practices without alerting the child.
Consumer Protection – Online Products and Services – Data of Children (Maryland Kids Code)
The bill mandates data protection assessments for online products likely accessed by children and sets privacy protections and monitoring practices.
AN ACT relating to the protection of children using the internet.
This bill mandates high privacy settings for children's online data, requires impact assessments, and prohibits risky data practices.
Restricts the use by an employer or an employment agency of electronic monitoring or an automated employment decision tool to screen a candidate or employee for an employment decision unless such tool has been the subject of an impact assessment within the last year; requires notice to employment…
NY A03779: Restricts the use of electronic monitoring or automated employment decision tools unless an impact assessment was conducted within the last year; requires candidate notification and provides remedies for violations.
Establishes the New York workforce stabilization act; requires certain businesses to conduct artificial intelligence impact assessments on the application and use of such artificial intelligence and to submit such impact assessments to the department of labor prior to the implementation of the…
The bill mandates AI impact assessments for certain businesses and imposes a 2% surcharge on corporations displacing employees with AI.
HUMAN CONTROL OF AI ACT
The Meaningful Human Control of AI Act prohibits public employers, contractors, and subcontractors from using automated decision-making systems without meaningful human review and mandates impact assessments at least once every 2 years for specified functions.
Creates standards for independent bias auditing of automated employment decision tools.
Bill A1021 addresses independent bias auditing of automated employment decision tools in New Jersey, but specific details require the full text for accuracy.
Creates standards for independent bias auditing of automated employment decision tools.
This bill establishes standards for independent bias auditing of automated employment decision tools used in hiring processes.
ALGORITHMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
The bill mandates annual algorithmic impact assessments and for any significant updates to automated decision tools in Illinois.
Creates standards for independent bias auditing of automated employment decision tools.
This bill establishes standards for independent bias auditing of automated employment decision tools to ensure fairness in hiring practices.
AN ACT relating to consumer data privacy.
This bill creates consumer rights regarding personal data, including rights to access, delete, and opt out of data processing and sales, and establishes a consumer privacy fund.
STATE AGENCIES-AI SYSTEMS
This bill mandates that all state agency AI systems adhere to NIST's AI Risk Management Framework and submit algorithmic impact assessments modeled after the federal National Environmental Policy Act impact assessments.
Requires real estate brokers and online housing platforms using virtual agents and AI tools to conduct a disparate impact analysis to assess the actual impact of any such virtual agent; requires such individuals to submit a summary of the most recent disparate impact analysis to the attorney…
NY A09028: Requires real estate brokers and online housing platforms using virtual agents and AI tools to conduct a disparate impact analysis and submit summaries to the attorney general's office.
AI-MEANINGFUL HUMAN REVIEW
The bill prohibits state agencies from using automated decision-making systems without continuous human review, requires impact assessments biennially and before changes, and protects employee rights.
AUTOMATED DECISION TOOLS
The Automated Decision Tools Act mandates impact assessments and notifications for automated decision tools by 2026 to mitigate algorithmic discrimination.
Relating To Artificial Intelligence.
Establishes consumer protection requirements for AI systems, including disclosures, incident reporting, and classifies certain violations as unfair or deceptive acts or practices.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SAFETY
The bill mandates frontier AI model developers or large chatbot providers to create safety plans, requires third-party audits, protects whistleblowers, and imposes civil penalties for non-compliance, effective January 1, 2027. The Attorney General is responsible for establishing the incident reporting mechanism.
Restricts the use by an employer or an employment agency of electronic monitoring or an automated employment decision tool to screen a candidate or employee for an employment decision unless such tool has been the subject of an impact assessment within the last year; requires notice to employment…
This bill restricts employers from using automated tools for employment decisions without annual impact assessments and requires candidate notification.
AUTOMATED DECISION TOOLS
The Preventing Algorithmic Discrimination Act mandates impact assessments and notifications for automated decision tools to prevent discrimination, with exemptions for smaller deployers.
AI-MEANINGFUL HUMAN REVIEW
IL HB 3567: AI-MEANINGFUL HUMAN REVIEW mandates human oversight and impact assessments, including system testing, for automated decision-making systems by State agencies.
Enacts the legislative oversight of automated decision-making in government act (LOADinG Act) to regulate the use of automated decision-making systems and artificial intelligence techniques by state agencies.
The LOADinG Act regulates the use of automated decision-making systems by New York state agencies, requiring human oversight and impact assessments.
AGE-APPROPRIATE DESIGN CODE
The Illinois Age-Appropriate Design Code Act mandates that entities processing children's data prioritize their best interests and privacy.
Colorado Artificial Intelligence Act
The Colorado Artificial Intelligence Act requires governance, reasonable care by developers and deployers of AI systems to prevent algorithmic discrimination, disclosure, impact assessments, and technical documentation.
Regulates automated decision-making by government agencies; requires agencies to conduct impact assessments; requires disclosure of automated decision-making tools utilized by governmental agencies.
This bill regulates automated decision-making by government agencies, requiring impact assessments and disclosure of tools used.
AGE-APPROPRIATE DESIGN CODE
The Illinois Age-Appropriate Design Code Act mandates businesses to assess data protection for online services likely accessed by children by July 1, 2026, and biennially review assessments.
Establishes criteria for the use of automated employment decision tools; provides for enforcement for violations of such criteria.
The bill establishes criteria for using automated employment decision tools in New York, including transparency and bias testing, with penalties for non-compliance.
Child Data Privacy and Protection Act
The Child Data Privacy and Protection Act mandates data protection assessments, prohibits certain data activities, and requires a public awareness campaign and report.
Automated decision systems.
CA AB1018: Automated decision systems must comply with new regulations, including specific transparency and accountability measures, impact assessments, and documentation requirements.
Establishes the New York workforce stabilization act; requires certain businesses to conduct artificial intelligence impact assessments on the application and use of such artificial intelligence and to submit such impact assessments to the department of labor prior to the implementation of the…
The New York Workforce Stabilization Act mandates AI impact assessments and imposes a 2% surcharge on certain corporations meeting specific criteria using AI or data mining.
Regulates automated decision-making by government agencies; requires agencies to conduct impact assessments; requires disclosure of automated decision-making tools utilized by governmental agencies.
The bill regulates automated decision-making by New York government agencies, requiring impact assessments and tool disclosures, with details on public access unspecified.
Consumer Protection - High-Risk Artificial Intelligence - Developer and Deployer Requirements
The bill mandates developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to exercise reasonable care to protect consumers from algorithmic discrimination and requires disclosures and impact assessments.
Establishes the New York workforce stabilization act; requires certain businesses to conduct artificial intelligence impact assessments on the application and use of such artificial intelligence and to submit such impact assessments to the department of labor prior to the implementation of the…
NY A05429: Establishes the New York workforce stabilization act, requiring AI impact assessments and imposing a 2% surcharge on corporations using AI or data mining.
Enacts the New York Artificial Intelligence Civil Rights Act establishing protections for individual rights with respect to computational algorithms; establishes protections against the use of algorithms involved in consequential decisions, such as those that impact people's rights, civil…
The New York Artificial Intelligence Civil Rights Act establishes protections against algorithmic discrimination, mandates independently audited evaluations, ensures algorithms meet advertised purposes, and provides remedies for violations.
Relates to use of virtual agents and AI tools in property searches
Bill A 9028 relates to the use of virtual agents and AI tools in property searches in New York, but specific mandates cannot be confirmed without the full bill text.
Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2025
HB5511 directs the FTC to require impact assessments of certain algorithms. Specific algorithms, enforcement mechanisms, and additional provisions may be detailed in the full text.
Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2025
SB2164, introduced in the U.S. Senate, directs the FTC to require impact assessments of automated decision systems and develop guidelines, focusing on critical decision processes.
STATE GOVT AI ACT
The State Government AI Act mandates the Illinois Department of Innovation and Technology to establish AI policies by 2028, prohibiting AI use without these rules.
AI-MEANINGFUL HUMAN REVIEW
The Meaningful Human Review of AI Act requires state agencies using automated decision-making systems to have continuous human review and mandates impact assessments with detailed evaluations submitted to the Governor and General Assembly.
Restricts the use by an employer or an employment agency of electronic monitoring or an automated employment decision tool to screen a candidate or employee for an employment decision unless such tool has been the subject of an impact assessment within the last year; requires notice to employment…
This bill restricts employers from using automated tools for employment decisions without an annual impact assessment and requires candidate notification.
Automated Employment Decision Tools (AEDT) Law
New York City Local Law 144 of 2021, enforced by the NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP), regulates AEDTs, requiring an independent bias audit and public posting of results on the employer's website.
Regulates the development and use of certain artificial intelligence systems to prevent algorithmic discrimination; requires independent audits of high risk AI systems; provides for enforcement by the attorney general as well as a private right of action.
The New York AI Act regulates AI systems to prevent algorithmic discrimination, mandates independent audits for high-risk systems, and includes enforcement by the attorney general and a private right of action. The definition of high-risk AI systems and specific audit requirements are not specified in the provided bill description.
Provides disparate impact based on automated decision system as cause of action for certain consumers.
This bill may allow consumers to challenge automated decision systems based on disparate impact, but full implications cannot be determined without the full text.
Establishes criteria for the sale of automated employment decision tools
This bill defines criteria for selling automated employment decision tools in New York, including transparency, bias audit requirements, and usage restrictions.
HUMAN CONTROL OF AI ACT
IL HB 4980: HUMAN CONTROL OF AI ACT mandates human oversight, impact assessments, and includes anti-retaliation measures, enforced by the Department of Labor.
"New Jersey Algorithmic Accountability Act"; requires certain businesses to conduct automated decision and data protection impact assessments.
The New Jersey Algorithmic Accountability Act requires certain businesses to conduct automated decision and data protection impact assessments in consultation with external experts.
CONSUMER DATA PRIVACY ACT
The Consumer Data Privacy Act establishes consumer rights regarding personal data, amends the State Finance Act, and creates the Consumer Privacy Fund for enforcement and education.
CONSUMER DATA PRIVACY
The Illinois Consumer Data Privacy Act grants consumers rights over their personal data, applying to certain businesses, with exemptions for some entities, enforced by the Attorney General.
Restricts the use by an employer or an employment agency of electronic monitoring or an automated employment decision tool to screen a candidate or employee for an employment decision unless such tool has been the subject of a bias audit within the last year and the results of such audit have been…
This bill restricts employers from using automated tools for employment decisions unless they undergo a bias audit annually and disclose results.
AGE-APPROPRIATE DESIGN CODE
The Illinois Age-Appropriate Design Code Act mandates entities operating in Illinois and processing children's data to prioritize children's best interests, conduct data protection impact assessments, and adhere to additional requirements.
CONSUMER DATA PRIVACY
Establishes consumer rights regarding personal data in Illinois, including data access, correction, deletion, and opt-out options, with exemptions for certain entities.
Restricts the use by an employer or an employment agency of electronic monitoring or an automated employment decision tool to screen a candidate or employee for an employment decision unless such tool has been the subject of an impact assessment within the last year; requires notice to employment…
This bill restricts employers from using electronic monitoring or automated tools for employment decisions without an impact assessment conducted within the last year.
State-by-State Regulation of AI Bias Audits & Requirements
Artificial intelligence regulation is advancing at the state level, and AI Bias Audits & Requirements is one of the most actively legislated areas. State attorneys general, privacy regulators, and legislatures are developing a patchwork of laws that impose different obligations on businesses deploying AI systems related to this topic. Compliance teams and legal counsel must track both enacted laws and the pipeline of pending bills that could shift requirements at any time.
Key regulatory themes in AI Bias Audits & Requirements legislation include consumer disclosure obligations, prohibition on specific high-risk uses, mandatory algorithmic impact assessments, bias audits, rights to explanation, and human override requirements. Penalties for non-compliance vary by state — use our Penalty Tracker to review enforcement provisions. For upcoming effective dates, see the Deadlines page.
To understand how AI Bias Audits & Requirements laws intersect with specific industries, browse our Healthcare, Employment, Insurance, and Financial Services industry trackers. Compare how different state laws approach this topic using our Bill Comparator.