AI disclosure and labeling laws require organizations to notify consumers, employees, and the public when artificial intelligence is being used to make decisions, generate content, or interact with them. These laws cover chatbot disclosure, AI-generated content labeling, watermarking requirements, and transparency obligations for automated decision-making systems.
Disclosure requirements vary by state and context — from simple notification that AI is being used, to detailed explanations of how AI systems work, what data they use, and how to opt out. Content labeling laws increasingly target deepfakes, synthetic media, and AI-generated text used in advertising, political communications, and journalism.
Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act
Illinois' SB 315, the Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act, regulates developers of frontier AI models (foundation models trained with more than 10^26 operations). All frontier developers must publish a transparency report when deploying a new or substantially modified model and report critical safety incidents within 72 hours. Large frontier developers (over $500 million revenue with affiliates) need a state disclosure statement from January 1, 2027, and from January 1, 2028 a published frontier AI framework and annual independent audits. Large developers face Attorney General penalties up to $1 million, then $3 million. Signed July 6, 2026 (P.A. 104-0538); effective January 1, 2027.
An act relating to data brokers and personal information
Vermont's H.211 (Act 138 of 2026) overhauls Vermont's data broker law, with higher fees and fines, checks before brokers disclose data, and a data broker breach-notice law. Its AI-relevant provision is in the annual registration under 9 V.S.A. § 2446: a data broker must state whether, in the past year, it shared consumers' data with or sold it to a developer of a generative AI ("GenAI") system or model, alongside disclosures about sales to foreign actors, governments and law enforcement. The act defines a GenAI system as an AI system that can generate synthetic text, images, video and audio. These provisions take effect January 1, 2027.
Advertisement claims: health-related consumer products and services: digital replicas and synthetic performers.
California's SB 1146 (Gonzalez) would add Business and Professions Code 651.4, requiring a person who creates an advertisement for a health-related consumer product or service that includes a digital replica or synthetic performer depicted as a health care provider to include a clear and conspicuous disclosure that the provider was AI-generated or altered or that no human provider is depicted. Passed the Senate 36-0 on May 18, 2026; held in Assembly Appropriations August 13, 2026; it did not pass.
Enacts the "political artificial intelligence disclaimer (PAID) act"; requires political communications that use synthetic media to disclose that they were created with the assistance of artificial intelligence; requires committees that use synthetic media to maintain records of such usage.
New York's S 6638-B (2023-2024), the political artificial intelligence disclaimer (PAID) act, would have amended Election Law section 14-106 to require political communications produced by or including synthetic media to carry the statement "THIS POLITICAL COMMUNICATION WAS CREATED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE", and committees to keep and file records of synthetic media use. It cleared the Elections Committee March 12, 2024 (7 to 0) but was committed to Rules June 7, 2024 and died when the 2023-2024 session ended.
Prohibit Surveillance Price & Wage Setting
Colorado's HB 26-1210 would have banned individualized price and wage setting: using an algorithm that applies statistical modeling, data analytics, AI or similar techniques to surveillance data about a person's characteristics, online behavior or biometrics, as more than a de minimis factor in the price offered to a consumer or the wage offered to a worker. Cost-based, supply-and-demand, public-discount, loyalty and need-based pricing, consumer-report credit refusals, and wages based solely on seniority or hired-for tasks and performance with plain-language disclosure, would have been allowed. Violations would have been deceptive trade practices. Vetoed by the Governor on June 2, 2026.
Requires certification of filings produced using generative artificial intelligence; requires the brief of an appellant to contain a disclosure of the use of generative artificial intelligence in the drafting of the brief and certification that the content therein was reviewed and verified by a…
New York's S 9640 (2023-2024) would have added CPLR rule 2107 requiring any paper served that was drafted with generative AI assistance to attach an affidavit disclosing the use and certifying that a human reviewed the source material and verified the content, and amended CPLR rule 5528 for appellate briefs. Referred to Judiciary May 16, 2024; it died when the 2023-2024 session ended.
Consumer Protection and Labor and Employment - Electronic Shelving Labels and Surveillance-Based Price and Wage Setting - Prohibitions
Maryland's SB 889 (2026, first reader text) would have barred surveillance-based price setting (pricing consumer goods or services based on profiling or processing of consumer or device data), barred food retailers of at least 15,000 square feet from using electronic shelving labels to display prices, and barred employers from surveillance-based wage setting using surveillance data with an automated decision system. It had a Senate Finance hearing set for March 12, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Consumer Protection - High-Risk Artificial Intelligence - Developer and Deployer Requirements
Maryland's SB 936 (2025) would have added Commercial Law sections 14-47A-01 to 14-47A-08 requiring developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems used for consequential decisions to use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination starting February 1, 2026, with impact assessments, consumer notices and appeals. The Attorney General would enforce, with fines up to $1,000 per violation ($1,000 to $10,000 if willful). A Senate Finance hearing was set for February 27, 2025; the bill went no further and died when the session ended.
Relating To Artificial Intelligence.
Hawaii's SB 2967 (2026) would have added a part to HRS chapter 480 regulating businesses ('deployers') that use AI systems or automated decision tools with consumers. They would have to disclose AI interactions, give notice and explanation, correction, appeal and human review for AI-influenced consequential decisions, keep risk programs, do annual impact assessments and report incidents within 90 days. A violation would be an unfair or deceptive act. The Senate committee on LBT deferred it February 11, 2026; it died.
Relating To Artificial Intelligence.
Hawaii's HB 2500 (2026) would have added a chapter on algorithmic decision systems. Developers would have to give deployers risk disclosures; deployers would have to give notice before use and post-decision information (including the 20 most influential characteristics) when a system affects education, employment, finance, government services, health care, housing, insurance or legal services; generative AI would have to be disclosed to users. Developers and deployers would be jointly and severally liable for violations facilitated by the deployer. House committee ECD deferred it February 6, 2026; it died.
Online platforms required to provide information pertaining to algorithm use, design transparency and user choice required, civil penalties provided, and rulemaking authorized.
Minnesota's HF 3980 would have required online platforms doing business in Minnesota that use personal-data-based algorithmic recommender systems to publicly disclose each system's inputs and weights (grouped in quartiles), default to maximizing users' long-term value, give users controls over recommended and blocked item types, and keep a holdout group with an annual public disclosure and independent audit. Violations would have been an unfair and deceptive practice, with the attorney general able to enforce and users able to recover $5,000 per violation. It was introduced March 5, 2026 and never left committee.
Advanced Technology
Laid on the table; parts became law through its companion. Florida's CS/CS/CS/HB 1459 (2024) would have created the Government Technology Modernization Council, required safety and transparency disclosures for commercial AI-generated chatbot, image, audio and video output (s. 501.174), and made generated child pornography a third-degree felony. Companion CS/CS/SB 1680 (Chapter 2024-118, approved April 26, 2024, effective July 1, 2024) enacted the council and the generated child pornography crimes, but not the AI transparency and disclosure rules.
Information Technology Act Amendments
Utah's SB 131 requires paid election communications that contain AI-generated synthetic media to carry set disclosures. Audio must say "Contains content generated by AI." at the beginning and end; visuals must show a set AI label throughout the synthetic portions; online versions must also carry embedded tamper-evident content provenance data. A court may impose a civil penalty of up to $1,000 per violation on the creator or sponsor. Judges and the parole board may treat committing or facilitating a crime with the intentional or knowing use and material assistance of AI as an aggravating factor. Signed March 13, 2024; effective May 1, 2024 (the sentencing provision July 1, 2024).
AN ACT relating to privacy protection.
Kentucky's HB 63 (2026 session) would have created a civil cause of action and a felony for disseminating a 'deep fake': realistic media that appears to show a person saying or doing something they did not, depends substantially on technical means, and lacks adequate labeling. A natural person who willfully and knowingly disseminated one without the depicted person's written consent would have been liable for damages, with a three-year limitation period; a criminal offense would have been a Class D felony. Referred to House Judiciary January 14, 2026; died when the session ended.
AN ACT relating to privacy protection.
Kentucky's HB 21 (2025 session) would have created a civil cause of action and a felony for disseminating a 'deep fake': realistic media appearing to show a person saying or doing something they did not, lacking adequate labeling and produced substantially by technical means. A natural person who willfully and knowingly disseminated one without the depicted person's express written consent would have been liable for damages, and certain disclosures with intent to harm would have been a Class D felony. Referred to committee February 4, 2025; died when the session ended.
Providing consumer protections for artificial intelligence systems.
Washington's SB 6284 (1st substitute, 2026 session) would have required developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems used to make, or be a substantial factor in, consequential decisions on employment, housing, insurance, health care, education, lending, legal services and similar matters to guard against algorithmic discrimination. Deployer duties would start July 1, 2027, consumer notice July 1, 2026, and only the Attorney General could enforce. It cleared Senate Environment, Energy & Technology on February 3, 2026, was heard in Ways & Means on February 6, and died at adjournment on March 12.
Regulating high-risk artificial intelligence system development, deployment, and use.
Washington's SB 6120 (2026 session), the Senate companion to HB 2157, would have required developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems, those intended to make or be a substantial factor in consequential decisions such as employment, lending, housing, insurance, health care and education, to use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination. It included developer documentation, deployer risk programs and impact assessments, consumer notices, and private lawsuits for injunctions. It had a first reading on January 14, 2026 and died at adjournment.
Prohibiting surveillance-based price discrimination and surge pricing for retail goods.
Washington's SB 6312, the Senate companion to HB 2481 (2026 session), would have barred non-small businesses selling grocery products from surveillance-based price discrimination (prices set from monitoring or automated analysis of a consumer's personal data) and from surge pricing based on real-time or predicted demand; 'algorithm' is defined to include AI. It would also have barred electronic shelf labels in stores of 15,000 square feet or more until January 1, 2030; violations would be Consumer Protection Act violations. It got no committee action on February 4, 2026 and died at adjournment.
Artificial Intelligence Amendments
Utah's HB 452 regulates mental health chatbots: generative AI that holds therapy-like conversations and that the supplier represents, or a reasonable person would believe, can provide mental health therapy or help manage mental health conditions. Suppliers may not sell or share Utah users' identifiable health information or input (limited exceptions), may not use input to target or tailor ads, must label in-chat ads, and must disclose the chatbot is AI before access, after seven days of non-use and when asked. Fines up to $2,500 per violation. Signed March 25, 2025; effective May 7, 2025.
Creating the protection against deep fakes act to provide a cause of action for damages arising from the use of generative artificial intelligence to create an image or likeness of another person without such person's consent for use in obscene material.
Not law. Kansas SB 525, the Protection Against Deep Fakes Act, would have let a person whose image or likeness is shown through synthetic media in published obscene material, without express written consent, sue the producer, promoter or intentional possessor. A plaintiff could recover actual damages, punitive damages equal to the defendant's revenue from the material, and attorney fees. It would not be a defense that the likeness was AI-generated and is not the person's actual image or likeness. It was referred to Senate Judiciary February 21, 2024 and died in committee April 30, 2024.
Establishes requirements for health insurance issuers using artificial intelligence or automated decision systems. (8/1/26)
Louisiana's SB246 would have set rules for health insurers, pharmacy benefit managers and independent review organizations that use AI or automated decision systems in utilization review: no use that denies, delays or modifies care, adverse determinations signed by a physician who reviewed the record, disclosure of AI use, and a presumption that AI-influenced adverse decisions are invalid on appeal. The Senate withdrew it from its files May 28, 2026, so it died.
Relating to artificial intelligence companions.
Oregon requires operators of AI companion platforms to tell users clearly that they are interacting with artificial output when a reasonable person would believe they were talking to a human, to keep and publish protocols that detect suicidal or self-harm ideation and refer users to crisis resources such as 988, and to add safeguards when the operator knows or has reason to believe a user is a minor. Operators must publish annual reports on crisis referrals, and people harmed can sue. Signed March 31, 2026; takes effect January 1, 2027.
Prohibits the development of artificial intelligence systems with certain capabilities involving interactions with minors (OR SEE FISC NOTE GF EX)
Louisiana's HB295, the Guidelines for User Age-Verification and Responsible Dialogue Act, would have made it a crime to knowingly or recklessly design, develop or deploy an AI chatbot able to solicit sexual conduct from minors, send them sexual images, or encourage suicide, self-injury or violence (up to 1 year and $100,000). It would also have required age verification, AI-companion bans for minors and recurring AI disclosures. It was referred to House Commerce March 9, 2026 and died.
Relating to the unlawful dissemination of intimate images; declaring an emergency.
Not law. Oregon SB 414 (2025), sponsored by Senator Woods, would have extended the crime of unlawful dissemination of an intimate image to knowingly disclosing a computer-generated explicit likeness, made with software or AI and not reasonably distinguishable from a real image, with intent to harass, humiliate or injure. It would have been a Class A misdemeanor (Class C felony with a prior conviction), with an emergency clause. It was referred to Judiciary, then Information Management and Technology, and was in committee upon adjournment June 27, 2025.
Eavesdropping, Peeping, and Voyeurism
South Carolina's H. 5394 (2023-24) would have amended Code 16-17-470 (eavesdropping, peeping and voyeurism) to increase penalties and to cover knowingly creating or altering images, audio, video or digital files with a generative adversarial network or other digital technology to make a realistic but false depiction of another person without consent, for sexual arousal or gratification, and knowingly selling or distributing such material without consent. It would also have required destruction of evidence and notice to additional victims. Referred to House Judiciary April 10, 2024; it did not pass.
Deceptive and fraudulent deepfake media in elections
South Carolina's H. 4660 (2023-24) would have added Code 7-25-230 barring distribution, within ninety days of an election, of synthetic media the distributor knows or should know is a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of a candidate on the ballot, unless it carries the disclosure 'This _____ (image, video, or audio) has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence.' A first violation would be a misdemeanor (up to 90 days, $500) and a second within five years a felony. Referred to House Judiciary January 9, 2024; it did not pass.
Requires healthcare providers and healthcare facilities to inform patients of the use of artificial intelligence to memorialize patient visits.
Rhode Island S 2570 Substitute A (2026), enacted as Chapter 372, the Use of Artificial Intelligence by Healthcare Providers Notification Act, requires healthcare providers and facilities that use AI to document in-person or telehealth visits to notify patients of the use of AI for that sole purpose and to review the AI-generated documentation for accuracy after the visit. The act states no penalties. Enacted June 22, 2026; effective upon passage.
Public Safety Protections Artificial Intelligence
Not law. Colorado's HB 25-1212, as introduced, would have protected workers at developers that trained a foundation AI model costing at least $100 million in compute. Developers could not prevent or retaliate against workers who disclose information they have reasonable cause to believe shows a legal violation, a substantial public safety or security risk, or false or misleading statements about such risks, and would have had to notify workers and offer an anonymous internal disclosure process. Workers could sue for reinstatement, the greater of $10,000 or lost pay, and attorney fees. House Judiciary amended it; it never passed the House and its status is Lost.
Relating to prohibiting the use of certain political advertising manipulated by generative artificial intelligence technology; creating a criminal offense.
Texas SB 228 (2025), as introduced, would have added Election Code Sec. 255.009 making it a Class B misdemeanor to cause political advertising to be published, distributed or broadcast when it includes an image, audio or video of an officeholder's or candidate's appearance, speech or conduct intentionally manipulated using generative AI to create a realistic but false depiction. The bill has no pre-election window, disclosure safe harbor, exemptions or definitions. No enrolled version exists, so it died June 2, 2025.
VET Artificial Intelligence Act Validation and Evaluation for Trustworthy (VET) Artificial Intelligence Act
The VET AI Act would direct NIST to develop, within a year and update at least every 2 years, voluntary technical guidelines for internal and independent third-party assurance of AI systems: testing, evaluating, verifying and validating them. The guidelines would address consumer privacy, assessing and reducing harms, dataset quality, documentation and disclosure, and governance, and recommend how often and how deeply developers and deployers should be assessed based on risk. Commerce would convene an advisory committee on assessor qualifications and study the capacity of the AI assurance sector. Introduced July 31, 2025.
Relating to the disclosure of information with regard to artificial intelligence.
Texas SB 668 (2025), as engrossed, would have added Business & Commerce Code Chapter 2003 requiring a person that uses AI to provide services to individuals in Texas and generated, or is more than 25 percent owned by a person who generated, at least $100 billion in total revenue to disclose on its website each AI model used, its purpose, and any third-party input and resulting model changes. A violation would have been a deceptive trade practice. It passed the Senate, but no enrolled version exists, so it died June 2, 2025.
Ban on employer use of automated decision systems.
Not law. HB 1421 would have barred Indiana employers with 11 or more workers, and state and local government employers, from relying solely on an automated decision system for hiring, firing, pay, scheduling or other job decisions. Using such a system's output would have required bias testing before use and independent testing every year, advance notice to workers and applicants, human review, plain-language documentation within 7 days, and a right to dispute and appeal to a person. Workers could opt out of algorithmic management. It was referred to committee on January 8, 2026 and got no further action before the 2026 session adjourned.
Creates a consumer bill of rights regarding artificial intelligence
Not law. HB 734 would have created a Louisiana AI bill of rights. Companion chatbot platforms would have needed a parent's consent for minors' accounts, with parental controls and self-harm alerts, AI disclosures and hourly break reminders for minors, and safeguards against material harmful to minors. Any bot would have had to show an hourly pop-up saying the user is not talking to a human. It also would have barred AI companies from selling personal data unless deidentified, banned commercial use of AI-generated likenesses without consent, and limited state AI contracts with entities tied to foreign countries of concern. It was withdrawn on March 30, 2026.
Regulates artificial intelligence in news media industry; establishes "Artificial Intelligence In Communications Oversight Committee."
New Jersey's A3307 would regulate AI in the news media. News entities could use AI to assist staff but not replace them, and generative AI content would need a prominent label, source credit and an accuracy disclaimer. Civil penalties would be $10,000, $20,000 and then $30,000 per violation. It would also create the Artificial Intelligence In Communications Oversight Committee. Pre-filed for introduction in the 2026 session.
Updates certain crimes to include nonconsensual pornographic deepfake threats and disclosure.
New Jersey's S3551 would amend the criminal invasion of privacy law to cover deepfake images. Recording an actual or deepfake image of a person's exposed intimate parts or sexual activity without consent would be a third-degree crime, and disclosing a deepfake of another person created in that way, knowing or with reckless disregard of lacking a license or privilege, would be a fourth-degree crime. Threatening to disclose such an image would count as criminal coercion. Introduced September 12, 2024. A bill of the Legislature's 2024-2025 session, which ended January 13, 2026.
Election communications; prohibition; deep fakes
Arizona's SB 1515 (2024) would have added A.R.S. 16-1023, barring distribution within ninety days before an election of a synthetic media message that the distributor knows or should know is a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of a candidate or political party on the ballot, unless it carries the disclosure 'This [image/video/audio] has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence.' A depicted candidate could seek an injunction. It was held in Senate committees with no action and died with the 2023-24 (56th Legislature) session.
Deceptive and fraudulent deepfake media in elections
Not law. H 3517 would have barred anyone from distributing, within 90 days of an election, synthetic media they knew or should have known was a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of a candidate on the ballot, unless it carried a disclosure that it was manipulated or generated by AI. Depicted candidates could have sought injunctions and damages; violations would have been a misdemeanor (up to 90 days or $500), and a felony for a repeat offense within five years. News coverage, paid broadcasters acting in good faith and satire were exempt. It never left the House Judiciary Committee before South Carolina's 2026 regular session ended.
Requires advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer
New York requires advertisers to disclose when an ad contains a synthetic performer: a digital asset created or modified with generative AI or software to look like a human performer who is not any identifiable real person. Anyone who produces or creates an ad for goods or services, in any medium, must conspicuously disclose it if they actually know the synthetic performer is there. Penalties are $1,000 for a first violation and $5,000 for each later one. Audio ads, AI used only to translate a performer, and promos for films, shows or games that use the performer as the work does are exempt, as are the outlets that run ads. Signed December 11, 2025 (Chapter 617); effective June 9, 2026.
Technology; Protecting Consumers and Jobs from Predatory Pricing Act; personalized algorithmic pricing; consumer data; food retailers; effective date.
Oklahoma's HB 3959 (2026), as introduced, would have created the Protecting Consumers and Jobs from Predatory Pricing Act. Per its title, it would require disclosure of personalized algorithmic pricing by food retail establishments, bar electronic shelving labels for large food retailers and for personalized or surveillance pricing, and bar use of protected class data in pricing. It was referred to committee February 4, 2026 and died when the session ended May 14, 2026.
Mental health professionals: artificial intelligence.
Vetoed. SB 903, the Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act, would have limited AI in California psychotherapy to administrative and supplementary support. Recording or transcribing sessions, or AI triage, would have needed the patient's informed consent, and AI could not make therapeutic decisions, produce diagnoses or treatment plans, detect emotions or screen patients without a licensed professional's review. Companion chatbots could not be marketed as therapy. Governor Newsom vetoed it on September 30, 2026, calling it overly broad and saying it would restrict useful clinical tools and reach general-purpose AI.
Artificial intelligence disclosure statements.
North Dakota requires a disclaimer on political content made with AI to impersonate a person. Any communication or advertising for a political purpose (supporting or opposing a candidate, political committee or party, or an initiated or referred measure or petition) that contains images, graphics, video, audio, text or other digital content created in whole or in part with AI to visually or audibly impersonate a human must prominently state: 'THIS CONTENT GENERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.' AI used only for text generation, grammar, spelling or editing that creates no new impersonation is exempt. Signed April 10, 2025; effective August 1, 2025.
Political campaign advertisements; synthetic media, penalty.
Vetoed. Virginia's SB 775 (2025) would have barred sponsoring an electioneering communication (a paid message naming a candidate, aimed at voters within 60 days of the election) containing synthetic media, meaning deceptively altered or AI-generated images or audio of an identifiable person, unless it conspicuously stated that it contains synthetic media that may present conduct or speech that did not occur. Violations would have carried civil penalties up to $25,000 and, if willful, a Class 1 misdemeanor; voters could have sued to stop the ads. Governor Youngkin vetoed it (the Senate received the veto March 25, 2025), and the Senate sustained the veto April 2, 2025.
Criminal Offenses - As introduced, prohibits a person or entity from distributing an electoral deepfake within 90 days of an election that the person or entity knows or should have known is a deceptive and fraudulent depiction of a candidate or political party; creates civil penalties and outlines…
Tennessee's HB 2214 (114th General Assembly) would have barred a person, corporation, committee or other entity, within 90 days of an election, from distributing an electoral deepfake that it knows or should have known deceptively or fraudulently depicts a candidate for state or local office or the candidate's party, unless the media carries a required AI disclosure. County election commissions could impose civil fines of up to $1,000, $5,000 or $10,000. Companion: SB 2321. Not passed before the session ended in April 2026; last action: Taken off notice for cal in s/c Elections & Campaign Finance Subcommittee of State & Local Government Committee (March 10, 2026).
Mississippi Fully Autonomous Vehicle Enabling (MS FAVE) Act of 2023; establish to regulate operation of autonomous vehicle on public roads.
Mississippi's MS FAVE Act of 2023 lets fully autonomous vehicles run on public roads without a human driver if the system is engaged and the vehicle will reach a minimal risk condition if it fails, can obey traffic laws, and bears any federally required certification label. Operators must first file a law enforcement interaction plan and proof of insurance with the Department of Public Safety. The engaged system counts as the licensed driver; vehicles are registered and titled as autonomous; on-demand AV networks may operate; and state agencies and local governments cannot ban AVs or add AV-specific taxes, fees or rules. Effective July 1, 2023.
State Bar of California: artificial intelligence.
California's AB 1651 (Bus. & Prof. Code § 6060.15) requires the State Bar of California to disclose when it uses AI-generated content in material it develops or explicitly directs. Use in developing or administering the general bar exam, the first-year law students' exam or the attorneys' exam, including questions, performance tests, answer keys and scoring rubrics, must be posted on its website 60 days before the exam; use in study materials it prepares, publishes, endorses or distributes for applicants must be disclosed on the cover page. Human review does not remove the duty. Signed August 22, 2026 (Chapter 116); operative January 1, 2028.
Companion chatbots.
California's SB 243 regulates companion chatbots, AI systems that give adaptive, human-like responses and can meet a user's social needs. Operators must disclose that the chatbot is AI if a reasonable person would be misled to think it is human, keep and publish a protocol against suicide and self-harm content with crisis referrals, and warn that companion chatbots may not suit some minors. Known minors get AI disclosures, break reminders at least every three hours and sexual-content safeguards (deleted January 1, 2027 by SB 1119). Annual reports to the Office of Suicide Prevention start July 1, 2027. Injured persons may sue. Signed October 13, 2025 (Chapter 677); effective January 1, 2026.
California AI Transparency Act.
California's AB 853 amended the California AI Transparency Act (SB 942 of 2024), moving its operative date from January 1, 2026 to August 2, 2026. From January 1, 2027, large online platforms (over 2,000,000 monthly users) must detect provenance data, show whether content was generated or substantially altered by GenAI or captured by a device, and, where feasible, not knowingly strip it; GenAI hosting sites may not knowingly offer noncompliant systems. From 2028, new capture devices must embed latent disclosures by default where feasible. $5,000 per violation. Amended by AB 2713 and SB 1000 (Chapters 856, 861 of 2026). Signed October 13, 2025 (Chapter 674); effective January 1, 2026.
Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024.
California's AB 2655, the Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024, requires large online platforms (1M+ California users) to remove reported deepfakes of candidates, elections officials and elected officials within 72 hours during set periods around elections and to label other reported deceptive election content; candidates, officials and prosecutors may seek injunctions. Signed September 17, 2024 (Chapter 261); effective January 1, 2025. In August 2025 a federal court held it preempted by Section 230 and barred the Attorney General and Secretary of State from enforcing it against X and Rumble; they later agreed not to enforce it against any platform. California appealed.
Political Reform Act of 1974: political advertisements: artificial intelligence.
California's AB 2355 adds Government Code § 84514 to the Political Reform Act. A committee that creates, originally publishes or originally distributes a political ad containing images, audio or video generated or substantially altered using AI must include, clearly and conspicuously, "Ad generated or substantially altered using artificial intelligence." The statement goes where the Act's rules place ad disclosures for radio, video, print and online ads. The Fair Political Practices Commission may seek an injunction or use its administrative and civil remedies; a violation is not a misdemeanor. Signed September 17, 2024 (Chapter 260); effective January 1, 2025.
An Act To Amend Titles 10 And 11 Of The Delaware Code Relating To Deep Fakes.
Delaware's HB 353 (84 Del. Laws c. 479), the Amelia Kramer Act, extends Delaware's intimate-image laws to deep fakes, meaning realistic but false sexual images made with generative adversarial network techniques or other digital technology. An identifiable person harmed by the intentional disclosure or threatened disclosure of a deep fake without consent may sue for damages or statutory damages up to $10,000, the defendant's gains, punitive damages, fees and an injunction. The violation-of-privacy crime now covers deep fakes without proof of an expectation of privacy, and an adult creating a depiction of a minor is an aggravating factor. Signed and effective October 9, 2024.
Elections: deceptive media in advertisements.
California's AB 502 rewrites Elections Code § 20012 on deceptive election deepfakes. No one may, with malice, knowingly distribute an ad or election communication with materially deceptive content (intentionally digitally created or altered media, such as deepfakes, that falsely appears authentic) of a California candidate or elected official, if material to voters or to election confidence, in the 30 days before an election, or of an elections official or voting equipment from 30 days before to 38 days after. Recognizable satire is exempt. Those depicted, candidates, committees and elections officials may sue. Urgency statute signed September 19, 2026 (Chapter 333); effective immediately.
Artificial intelligence: transparency and governance.
California's SB 1159 makes clear that AI systems, autonomous agents, robots and other nonhuman entities are not 'persons' or 'members of the public' who can engage with government under the Public Records Act, the open-meeting laws, the Legislative Open Records Act, the Administrative Procedure Act, the Coastal Act and CEQA. People may still use AI or assistive technology for their own participation at an ordinary volume. Agencies may use AI detection tools, and knowingly using AI to falsely represent that a natural person engaged with an agency is banned. Signed September 30, 2026 (Chapter 863); effective January 1, 2027.
Relates to the training and use of artificial intelligence frontier models; defines terms; establishes remedies for violations.
New York's RAISE Act (S 6953-B, Chapter 699 of 2025) as signed covered "large developers" spending over $100 million on compute, required safety protocols and set penalties up to $10 million, then $30 million. Chapter 96 of 2026 (signed March 27, 2026) repealed and replaced Article 44-B and set the effective date at January 1, 2027. From then, developers of frontier models (over 10^26 training operations) must publish transparency reports when deploying and report critical safety incidents to a Department of Financial Services office within 72 hours; those with over $500 million in revenue must also publish a frontier AI framework and file disclosure statements. Signed December 19, 2025.
Regulates automated decision-making by government agencies; requires agencies to conduct impact assessments; requires disclosure of automated decision-making tools utilized by governmental agencies.
New York's S 7599-C (Chapter 711 of 2025) added State Technology Law Article 5, under which agencies would have listed automated decision-making tools and done bias-tested impact assessments from December 19, 2026. Chapter 86 of 2026 repealed Article 5, which had not yet taken effect, and the § 103-f state tool inventory. Now in force: public employers' use of AI systems may not displace employees or impair collective bargaining, and (added by Chapter 86) local governments, school districts, BOCES, SUNY, CUNY and community colleges must, where feasible, list automated employment decision tools yearly from December 30, 2026. Signed December 19, 2025; expires July 1, 2028.
"AI Image Disclosure Act"; concerns disclosure of certain AI-generated content.
New Jersey's A 5089, the AI Image Disclosure Act (as introduced), would require a covered provider of a publicly accessible generative AI system to put a manifest (clear and conspicuous) and a latent (not visible or audible) disclosure in AI-generated images, video and audio. Social media platforms with at least five million account holders worldwide would have to label detected provenance data and could not strip it. Civil penalties would be $5,000 per violation. Introduced May 14, 2026 and referred to the Assembly Science, Innovation and Technology Committee; it has not passed either house.
A bill for an act establishing requirements and guidelines for conversational AI services, and providing civil penalties, and including applicability provisions.
Iowa's HF 2507 (formerly HSB 611) would have required operators of conversational AI services to protect minors (AI disclosures, no unpredictable rewards, limits on sexual and human-like content), adopt suicide and self-harm protocols, and not pose as licensed mental health providers. Attorney general penalties were the greater of actual damages or $1,000 per violation up to $500,000 per operator. After amendment H-8357, Senate File 2417 was substituted and HF 2507 was withdrawn April 15, 2026.
Adopt the Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protection Act
Not law. Nebraska LB642, introduced by Senator Bostar, would have enacted the Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protection Act. Developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems that make consequential decisions without human review would have had to use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination, with impact assessments, consumer notices and appeals, and Attorney General enforcement after a 90-day cure period. Indefinitely postponed April 17, 2026.
Regards AI-generated products, AI-systems acting as humans
Ohio's HB 813 would add sections 1349.12 to 1349.16 requiring AI systems to be programmed to put a distinctive watermark on AI-generated products, barring public or commercial distribution of AI-generated products without one, and requiring anyone using an AI system to clearly inform users whenever it is acting as or emulating a human. The Attorney General could seek an injunction and a civil penalty of $2,500 to $10,000 per instance. Introduced April 13, 2026; referred to the House Technology and Innovation Committee May 13, 2026.
Elections: Voter Reg./legal Fund/comms
Alaska's HB 129 (2023-24) was a broad elections bill; its Senate version, SCS CSHB 129(FIN) am S, would have changed voter registration list maintenance and, per its title, addressed candidate legal funds, absentee and special needs voting, defamation claims based on synthetic media, and synthetic media in electioneering communications. The House passed it 33-6 on February 2, 2024 and the Senate passed its version 14-6 on May 15, 2024. It was never enacted and died when the 33rd Legislature's 2023-24 session ended.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MEDICAL SERVICES – Adds to existing law to establish provisions regarding artifical intelligence medical services.
Idaho's H 945 (2026) would have enacted the AI Medical Services Act (new Title 54, chapter 60), creating an 11-member Board of Autonomous Medical Practice to license 'artificial intelligence augmented and autonomous service providers' (AAASPs) that deliver certain clinical AI services. New licenses would have been provisional for up to two years. L2 and L3 licensees would have owed patient disclosures and a duty of loyalty, and the board could have fined violators up to $10,000 per count or offense. It was introduced March 25, 2026, and then reported printed and referred to the Business Committee (undated), with no later action.
General Regulatory Provisions -- Generative Artificial Intelligence Models
Rhode Island H 6286 (2023), as introduced on April 19, 2023, would add chapter 6-59 setting operating standards for companies running large-scale generative AI models (at least one billion parameters). Companies would have to watermark or authenticate text output, obtain informed consent before using personal data, run risk assessments and register with the attorney general within 90 days. The text sets no penalties and takes effect September 1, 2023.
Political communication; require to contain disclaimer if generated by artificial intelligence algorithms.
Mississippi's HB 1267 (2024) would require political communications generated in whole or in part by synthetic media using artificial intelligence algorithms to carry a clear and prominent disclaimer that they were generated using AI. It would add the same disclaimer duty for published campaign materials (Section 23-15-897) and for newspaper editorials or news stories generated by AI (Section 23-15-877). The bill text adds no penalty of its own for the new disclaimer duties. It died in committee on March 5, 2024.
Relating to the unlawful dissemination of intimate images.
Oregon's HB 2299 amends the crime of unlawful dissemination of an intimate image (ORS 163.472) so that "image" includes a digitally created, manipulated or altered depiction that is reasonably realistic, however stored. The crime applies when a person, intending to harass, humiliate or injure another, knowingly causes an image of that person's intimate parts or sexual conduct to be disclosed, knowing or having reason to know the person does not consent, and the person is harmed. It stays a Class A misdemeanor, or a Class C felony with a prior conviction. Signed May 22, 2025 (Chapter 116, Oregon Laws 2025); effective January 1, 2026.
Algorithmic pricing of essential consumer goods, granting rule-making authority, and providing a penalty.
Wisconsin's SB 1140 would restrict grocery retailers' use of personalized algorithmic pricing on essential consumer goods: required disclosure on each such price, no electronic display of those prices in grocery stores of 15,000+ square feet, no pricing that varies by protected traits, and no buying consumer data from data brokers for pricing. Introduced March 19, 2026 and referred to the Senate Licensing, Regulatory Reform, State and Federal Affairs Committee; failed to pass pursuant to Senate Joint Resolution 1 on March 23, 2026, so it did not pass.
To Prohibit Deceptive And Fraudulent Deepfakes In Election Communications.
Arkansas HB 1041 (2025), as engrossed, would have added Ark. Code § 7-6-106 to bar distributing, within 90 days before an election, synthetic media the person knows or should know is a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of a candidate or party on the ballot, unless it carries a disclosure such as 'This content has been manipulated or artificially generated.' Depicted candidates could seek injunctions, and the State Board of Election Commissioners could fine violators up to $10,000, $5,000 or $1,000 depending on the case. It died in the House committee at sine die adjournment on May 5, 2025.
DIGITAL FORGERIES ACT
Illinois's HB 4763 (103rd General Assembly) would have created the Digital Forgeries Act. A person depicted in AI-made audio or visual material (a "digital forgery") would have a cause of action against anyone who, without consent, knowingly distributes it, creates it with intent to distribute, or solicits its creation, to harass, extort, threaten or harm, with reckless disregard of harm, or to incite violence or interfere with an official proceeding. It was not passed before the 103rd General Assembly ended (Session Sine Die, January 7, 2025).
CONSUMER FRAUD-AI DISCLOSURE
Illinois's HB 4869 (103rd General Assembly) would have added Section 2EEEE to the Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act. A person who, for a commercial purpose, makes, publishes or places an advertisement that the person knows or should have known contains synthetic media would have had to disclose that fact, and a violation would be an unlawful practice under the Act. Died at Session Sine Die on January 7, 2025.
Artificial intelligence; require disclosure when used in political advertisements.
Mississippi's SB 2423 (2024) would have amended Miss. Code 23-15-897 to require a clear and conspicuous disclosure on "qualified political advertisements" that contain an image, audio or video generated in whole or in part with artificial intelligence and are made by or on behalf of a candidate, committee or other person. It would also have required an AI disclaimer on prerecorded phone messages generated in whole or substantially by AI. It was referred to Elections and Technology on February 16, 2024, and died in committee on March 5, 2024.
AI USE IN GOVT CONTRACTS
Illinois's HB 5228 (103rd General Assembly) would have added Section 50-41 to the Illinois Procurement Code. A vendor contracting for government services, grants, or leases or purchases of software or hardware would have to disclose whether AI technology is, has been, or will be used in fulfilling the contract or in the goods or services purchased. It was not passed before the 103rd General Assembly ended (Session Sine Die, January 7, 2025).
Relating To Elections.
Hawaii's Senate Bill 2396 (2024) would have barred anyone from distributing, within 90 days before a primary or general election, a synthetic media message in an electioneering communication that the person knows or should have known is a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of a candidate or party, unless it carries a disclosure that it was manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence. JDC deferred it February 9, 2024 and it died at the end of the 2023-2024 biennium.
AI USE IN HEALTH INSURANCE ACT
Illinois's HB 5918 (103rd General Assembly) would have created the Artificial Intelligence Systems Use in Health Insurance Act. An insurer could not issue an adverse consumer outcome (denial, reduction or termination of plans or benefits) resulting solely from an AI system or predictive model, and such decisions would need meaningful human review. It was not passed before the 103rd General Assembly ended (Session Sine Die, January 7, 2025).
ELEC CD-AI ADVERT DISCLOSURE
Illinois's SB 2762 (103rd General Assembly) would have added Section 9-9.6 to the Election Code. A person, committee or other entity that creates, originally publishes or originally distributes a qualified political advertisement would have to include a clear and conspicuous statement that it was generated in whole or substantially by AI. It was not passed before the 103rd General Assembly ended (Session Sine Die, January 7, 2025).
Artificial intelligence.
California's AB 3050 (2023-24, as introduced) would have required the Department of Technology to set watermark standards, including digital content provenance, for covered AI-generated material (material that impersonates a specific individual or group or is represented as original), and barred AI-generating entities from creating it without a compliant watermark, with a civil penalty of $250 to $500. It would also have made creators of deepfakes using a person's likeness without permission liable for actual damages. Introduced February 16, 2024 and referred to committee; it died when the session ended.
Political campaign advertisements; synthetic media, penalty.
Virginia's HB 982 (2026 Regular Session) would have barred electioneering communications containing synthetic media from being published or broadcast without a conspicuous statement that the message may present conduct or speech that did not occur, with a civil penalty up to $25,000, a Class 1 misdemeanor for willful violations, and voter injunction suits. Left in committee on February 18, 2026; it failed.
Synthetic media; use in furtherance of crimes involving fraud, etc., report.
Virginia's HB 697 (2024 Regular Session) would have made it a Class 1 misdemeanor to use synthetic media to commit a criminal offense involving fraud, let the person depicted sue for actual damages and attorney fees, and had the Attorney General convene a work group on deepfake enforcement. It passed the House 98-0 but was continued to 2025 in Senate committee on February 19, 2024; it failed.
Artificial Intelligence Training Data Transparency Act; transparency and disclosure requirements.
Virginia's HB 2250 (2025 Regular Session) would have amended the Consumer Data Protection Act and added an Artificial Intelligence Training Data Transparency Act (new Title 59.1 chapter, §§ 59.1-607 through 59.1-611) with requirements for generative AI developers. It would also have allowed third-party opt-out of data processing and required consent to process adolescents' data. Left in committee on February 4, 2025; it failed.
Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act; established.
Virginia's SB 1161 (2025 Regular Session) would have created the Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act, requiring developers of generative AI systems that produce audio, images, text or video to include a clear and conspicuous disclosure on AI-generated content and to prevent downstream use without it. Passed by indefinitely in committee on January 24, 2025; it failed.
Criminal Offenses - As introduced, prohibits a person or entity from distributing an electoral deepfake within 90 days of an election that the person or entity knows or should have known is a deceptive and fraudulent depiction of a candidate or political party; creates civil penalties and outlines…
Tennessee's SB 2321 (114th General Assembly) would have barred a person, corporation, committee or other entity, within 90 days of an election, from distributing an electoral deepfake that it knows or should have known deceptively or fraudulently depicts a candidate for state or local office or the candidate's party, unless the media carries a required AI disclosure. County election commissions could impose civil fines of up to $1,000, $5,000 or $10,000. Companion: HB 2214. Not passed before the session ended in April 2026; last action: Passed on Second Consideration, refer to Senate State and Local Government Committee (February 5, 2026).
AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 2; Title 4; Title 8; Title 38; Title 39 and Title 47, Chapter 18, relative to synthetic media.
Tennessee's HB 2340 (113th General Assembly) would have let a person whose appearance, action, or speech is altered by synthetic media (made with AI or other digital technology), in a public communication knowingly distributed with intent to mislead the public and damage reputation, sue the publisher for an injunction and damages. Per the official summary, a disclosure that the media was manipulated would be an affirmative defense. Companion to SB 2460. Last action March 19, 2024; the bill never passed and died with the session.
AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 2; Title 4; Title 8; Title 38; Title 39 and Title 47, Chapter 18, relative to synthetic media.
Tennessee's SB 2460 (113th General Assembly) would have let a person whose appearance, action, or speech is altered by synthetic media (made with AI or other digital technology), in a public communication knowingly distributed with intent to mislead the public and damage reputation, sue the publisher for an injunction and damages. Per the official summary, a disclosure that the media was manipulated would be an affirmative defense. Companion to HB 2340. Last action March 13, 2024; the bill never passed and died with the session.
Commerce and trade; require that AI generated content include a disclaimer indicating such content was generated using artificial intelligence
Georgia's HB 478 would add Code section 10-1-393.20 to the Fair Business Practices Act. On or after July 1, 2025, any individual disseminating AI-generated video, audio or still images to facilitate commerce or trade would have to ensure the content discloses that artificial intelligence made all or part of it, in a specified readable or audible form, and omitting the disclosure would be unlawful, each item being a separate violation. The bill reached House Second Readers on February 20, 2025 and died when the session ended.
Fair and Future Ready Housing Act; enact
Georgia's HB 715, the Fair and Future Ready Housing Act, would add Code section 8-3-224 to the fair housing law. Discriminatory housing practices resulting from AI or automated decision tools would be prohibited, reliance on such tools would not be a defense, and no person could use them to make sale, rental or financing determinations without individual review or without disclosing their use. After notice and hearing, the Attorney General could impose a penalty of up to $10,000 for violating subsection (c) or (d). The bill reached House Second Readers on March 6, 2025 and died when the session ended.
Creates regulations of artificially generated online content using artificial intelligence
Missouri's SB 1324 (Missouri Artificial Intelligence Transparency and Accountability Act) would require anyone creating AI-generated content for public consumption to label it "AI-generated", add a disclaimer and obtain consent for content depicting a real person (except parody or satire), and require developers and deployers to keep usage logs for seven years. The attorney general would enforce it with civil penalties. The Senate General Laws Committee voted do pass on March 25, 2026, but the bill died when the 2026 regular session ended in May 2026 without being truly agreed to and finally passed.
Creates provisions relating to synthetic media
Missouri's SB 1183 would add section 115.645 to bar a creator who uses AI or other digital technology from distributing, within eighteen weeks of an election, synthetic media the creator knows or should have known is a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake, unless it carries the disclosure "This [image/video/audio] has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence." Violations would carry misdemeanor or felony penalties and civil penalties. Referred to the Senate General Laws Committee January 27, 2026; the bill died when the 2026 regular session ended in May 2026 without being truly agreed to and finally passed.
Artificial intelligence; prohibiting distribution of certain media and requiring certain disclosures. Effective date.
Oklahoma's SB 894 (Senate floor version) would bar any person or entity, within 90 days of an election, from creating or originally distributing synthetic media it has actual knowledge is a deepfake of a candidate or political party on the ballot, unless the media carries the disclosure "This ___ (image, audio, or video) has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence." The State Election Board could impose fines of up to $10,000, $5,000 or $1,000. The Senate committee reported it do pass as amended; it was placed on General Order and died when the 2026 legislative session ended on May 14, 2026 without passing.
Relative to civil actions regarding the prohibited use of synthetic media.
New Hampshire's HB 1710-FN would have created a civil action over misleading synthetic media (media made or modified with AI algorithms): distributing it of an identifiable person without consent, without a conspicuous notice, and with intent to mislead. It would also have required political communications that include synthetic media to carry an AI-assistance disclosure. The House found it Inexpedient to Legislate February 1, 2024; it is dead.
Protecting kids from deepfakes and exploitative images.
Wyoming's AI deepfake and child-protection law (Chapter 91, Session Laws of 2026, effective July 1, 2026). It makes it a felony to knowingly distribute realistic AI-generated or digitally altered intimate images of an identifiable person without consent when it causes or is meant to cause harm, or to threaten to do so for gain (up to 10 years; 12 for a repeat offense). Using AI to create child sexual abuse material, or knowingly possessing AI-generated material, is sexual exploitation of a child. Building or distributing AI systems designed to produce such material or to promote self-harm is a felony, and using AI is no defense to any crime.
Modifies and establishes provisions relating to the protection of children and vulnerable persons
Missouri's 2026 HB 2273 (with HBs 1946, 1814 and 2551) creates RSMo 573.570, disclosure of an intimate digital depiction. Disclosing, or threatening to disclose, a realistic intimate image of an identifiable person that was created or altered by digital manipulation, with intent to harass or cause harm or with reckless disregard for harm, is a felony. A disclaimer that the image is unauthorized is not a defense. The same section was also enacted by HBs 2637 & 3155 and SB 999. It takes effect Aug. 28, 2026.
Representations depicting nudity and providing a penalty.
2025 Wisconsin Act 34 adds deepfake intimate images to the state's representations-depicting-nudity law (s. 942.09). A "synthetic intimate representation" is a representation generated using technological means that uses an identifiable person's face, likeness or other distinguishing characteristics to depict them intimately and is realistic enough that a reasonable person would believe it shows that person. Posting, publishing, distributing or exhibiting one with intent to coerce, harass or intimidate is a crime under s. 942.09, and making a reproduction of a private representation without consent is also covered. It took effect the day after publication (Oct. 3, 2025).
Disclosures regarding content generated by artificial intelligence in political advertisements, granting rule-making authority, and providing a penalty.
2023 Wisconsin Act 123 requires AI disclosures in political communications. Audio or video containing express advocacy, issue advocacy or support for or opposition to a referendum that contains synthetic media (audio or video substantially produced by generative AI) must say so: audio states "Contains content generated by AI" at the beginning and end, and video displays a disclosure such as "This video content generated by AI." Violations carry a forfeiture of up to $1,000 each. It took effect the day after publication (published March 22, 2024).
AN ACT TO ESTABLISH SEXUAL EXTORTION OFFENSES, TO UPDATE OFFENSES RELATED TO SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF A MINOR, TO UPDATE SEX OFFENDER AND PUBLIC PROTECTION REGISTRATION PROGRAMS, AND TO CLARIFY THE OFFENSE OF DISCLOSURE OF PRIVATE IMAGES.
North Carolina's S.L. 2024-37 (Modernize Sex Crimes) updates sex crime laws for AI. The definition of "material" for sexual exploitation of a minor now covers digital or computer-generated depictions created, adapted or modified by technological means such as algorithms or artificial intelligence, and a new offense covers obscene visual representations of sexual exploitation of a minor. New sexual extortion offenses and the disclosure of private images offense cover realistic images made with algorithms or AI. It applies to offenses on or after Dec. 1, 2024.
"New Jersey Kids Code Act"; adopts New Jersey Age-Appropriate Design Code and requires certain online service providers to implement certain measures concerning minors' use of online service.
New Jersey's A 4015 (P.L.2026, c.73), the New Jersey Age-Appropriate Design Code, covers online services that display user content and let account holders interact, are reasonably likely to be accessed by minors, and whose providers earn over $25 million a year or process data of 25,000+ consumers or households. For users they know are under 18, providers must set the highest privacy by default, limit notifications, keep their data out of algorithmic recommendations unless based on their settings or requests, and take reasonable steps against compulsive use. Enforced under the Consumer Fraud Act, with private suits. Approved August 11, 2026; effective September 1, 2027.
AN ACT relating to mental health chatbots.
Kentucky's HB 641 (the Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Act, as introduced) would add sections to KRS Chapter 367 regulating suppliers of mental health chatbots, AI systems that use generative AI to hold therapy-like conversations. Suppliers could not sell or share users' health information or input, would have to label and disclose any advertising, and would have to disclose every 30 minutes that the chatbot is AI. The Attorney General could fine up to $2,500 per violation. Introduced February 13, 2026 and referred to the House Small Business & Information Technology Committee; it died in committee when the session ended.
Requires synthetic content creations system providers to include provenance data on certain content made available by the provider
Passed both houses; awaiting delivery to the Governor. S 6954-B, the Stop Deepfakes Act, would require providers of publicly available generative AI systems to attach provenance data (content credentials such as the C2PA standard) to AI-generated or AI-modified images, audio and video, identifying it as synthetic, the provider and when it was made. Hosting platforms could not knowingly offer systems that don't. Large online platforms would have to keep provenance data and show it to users, and state agencies would label their own media. The Attorney General could seek injunctions and fines up to $25,000 per violation. Effective 180 days after signing.
A bill for an act prohibiting personalized algorithmic pricing and surveillance pricing at certain food retail establishments, and providing civil penalties.
Iowa's SF 2278 (as introduced) would add Code chapter 554J for large food retail stores. Such a store using personalized algorithmic pricing based on a particular consumer's data would have to show "THIS PRICE WAS SET BY AN ALGORITHM USING YOUR PERSONAL DATA." Stores could not use electronic shelf labels, collect data of minors under 17 or use it for targeted ads or personalized pricing, or use protected class data in pricing. Civil penalty up to $7,500 per violation. Introduced February 11, 2026; it died in committee when the 2026 session ended.
Establishes disclosure requirements for AI-generated or materially AI-altered media depicting historically recognized human disasters when such media is publicly distributed; requires platform operators to allow the use of labelling; provides for enforcement by the attorney general.
New York's A 10047 would add General Business Law Article 47-A (§§ 1710-1716) requiring a person who distributes AI-generated content depicting a “historically recognized human disaster” that the person knows is materially deceptive media to label it “THIS (IMAGE, VIDEO, OR AUDIO) HAS BEEN MANIPULATED.” Platforms would have to allow labeling tools. The Attorney General could seek civil penalties up to $15,000 per day per violation. Referred to Consumer Affairs and Protection January 30, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Requires certain disclosures by automobile insurers relating to the use of telematics systems in determining insurance rates and/or discounts.
New York's A 10364 would amend Insurance Law § 2313 and add § 2304-a so that insurers that offer or use telematics systems (technology that monitors, stores and transmits information such as vehicle location, driver behavior, engine performance and activity), and their third-party developers or vendors, would have to explain to the Superintendent how the factors in their model or algorithm relate to risk, publicly disclose scoring methodologies and let consumers request access to their data; vendors would have to also file their model or algorithm with the Superintendent. Referred to Insurance March 2, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Enacts the "Stop Addictive Feeds Exploitation (SAFE) for all act"; requires a setting which allows a social media user to turn off algorithmic recommendations and other notifications; prohibits the use of dark patterns to subvert choice or inhibit users from accessing certain mechanisms.
New York's A 6974 (the "stop addictive feeds exploitation (safe) for all act") would add General Business Law Art. 45-A. Operators of addictive social media platforms would have to let New York users turn off algorithmic recommendations, turn off feed notifications (at minimum all of them, or those between 12 AM and 6 AM Eastern), turn off autoplay, and limit daily access, and could not use dark patterns. The Attorney General could seek civil penalties of up to $5,000 per violation. Would take effect 180 days after the Attorney General issues implementing rules. Referred to the Consumer Affairs and Protection Committee March 18, 2025 and January 7, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Relating to disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence in the denial of insurance claims.
Texas HB 4635 (Rep. Garcia Hernandez) would have required an insurer or health maintenance organization that denies a claim based on a determination made by artificial intelligence to give the claimant, with the denial notice, a written disclosure that AI made the determination, its basis, and instructions on appealing. It would apply to claims submitted on or after September 1, 2025. Left pending in House Insurance Committee May 7, 2025; it died when the session ended.
Enacts the preventing algorithmic pricing discrimination act; requires the disclosure of algorithmically set prices.
New York's A 6765-A (the "Preventing Algorithmic Pricing Discrimination Act") would add General Business Law § 349-a, requiring anyone who knowingly advertises personalized algorithmic pricing based on an individual's consumer data to state "THIS PRICE WAS SET BY AN ALGORITHM USING YOUR PERSONAL DATA", and § 396 would bar using protected class data in setting prices. Attorney General penalties up to $1,000 per violation. Would take effect on the 60th day after it becomes law. On the Assembly floor calendar (Cal. 173, January 7, 2026); it has not passed either chamber.
Prohibits the creation and dissemination of synthetic media within sixty days of an election with intent to unduly influence the outcome of an election
New York's A 6491 would add Election Law § 17-172, making it a class E felony to create, with "intent to injure a candidate or unduly influence the outcome of an election," synthetic media (realistic AI-manipulated or artificial images, video or audio of a scenario that did not occur) and disseminate or publish it within sixty days of an election. Exemptions cover commentary, parody, news, consent of all persons depicted, and initial dissemination by platforms. Would take effect on the 30th day after it becomes law. Introduced March 5, 2025 and referred to the Election Law Committee (again January 7, 2026); it has not passed either chamber.
Requires advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer; imposes a $1,000 civil penalty for a first violation and a $5,000 penalty for any subsequent violation.
New York's S 1228-C would amend General Business Law section 396-b. A person in the business of dealing in property or services who, for a commercial purpose and with actual knowledge, places an advertisement in any medium featuring a synthetic performer would have to conspicuously disclose it in the ad, with a civil penalty of $1,000 for a first violation and $5,000 for each subsequent one. Ads for expressive works such as films, TV and video games are exempt if the use matches the work. Referred to Consumer Protection January 7, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Requires certification of filings produced using generative artificial intelligence; requires the brief of an appellant to contain a disclosure of the use of generative artificial intelligence in the drafting of the brief and certification that the content therein was reviewed and verified by a…
New York's S 2698 would add CPLR rule 2107 requiring any paper served that was drafted with the assistance of generative AI to attach a separate affidavit disclosing the use and certifying that a human reviewed the source material and verified the content. It would also amend CPLR rule 5528 to require a disclosure and human-review certification in appellant briefs. Committed to Rules June 13, 2025; it has not passed either chamber.
Relating to criminal and civil liability related to sexually explicit media and artificial intimate visual material; creating a criminal offense; increasing a criminal penalty.
Texas's SB 441 widens the Penal Code § 21.165 crime from deep fake videos to any deep fake media made or altered with AI or other technological means. Knowingly producing or distributing sexually explicit deep fake media of a person without signed written consent is a Class A misdemeanor, or a third-degree felony for a repeat offense or a depicted minor. Intentionally threatening to produce or distribute deep fake media to coerce, extort, harass or intimidate is a new offense. It adds civil liability for AI intimate images, including against nudification app owners, and requires websites and apps to honor removal requests within 72 hours. Signed June 20, 2025; effective September 1, 2025.
Requires certain disclosures by automobile insurers relating to the use of telematics systems in determining insurance rates and/or discounts.
New York's S 5486 would add Insurance Law § 2304-a requiring insurers that use telematics systems, and third-party developers and vendors of them, to explain to the Superintendent how model or algorithm factors relate to risk, publicly disclose scoring methodologies, report discrimination testing and give consumers access to their collected data. Collected data could be used only for underwriting and rating. Referred to Insurance January 7, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Prohibits the use of electronic shelving labels, digital shelf display technology, and personalized algorithmic pricing in food retail establishments and drug retail establishments; provides injunctive relief, civil penalties, and a private right of action.
New York's S 8616-B, the Protecting Consumers and Jobs from Discriminatory Pricing Act, would add General Business Law § 349-a-1. Food and drug retail establishments could not use electronic shelving labels or digital shelf displays, could not engage in surveillance pricing (pricing set completely or in part by an algorithm that uses personal data), and could not use protected class data in pricing. The Attorney General could seek penalties up to $10,000 per violation. Passed the Senate May 13, 2026 and, as amended, June 4, 2026 (50-10); on June 5 the Assembly substituted it for A9396-B on its third-reading calendar. No Assembly vote is shown.
Requires certain political communications to include provenance data for all audios, images or videos used in such communications; provides for the repeal of certain provisions upon the expiration thereof.
New York's S 7963 would add subdivision 8 to Election Law § 14-106 (the "election content accountability act"). Starting with the 2030 election cycle, campaigns for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General or Comptroller would have to apply provenance data to political communications that are or include images or videos, showing the generating device or service, synthetic portions, any AI use and the date. The Attorney General could assess up to $100,000 per violation. Advanced to third reading March 5, 2026 and committed to Rules June 5, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Increase Transparency for Algorithmic Systems
Colorado's SB 25B-004, passed in the August 2025 special session, replaced every February 1, 2026 start date in the Colorado AI Act (SB 24-205, C.R.S. 6-1-1702 to 6-1-1704) with June 30, 2026. That moved developers' and deployers' reasonable-care, documentation, risk-program, impact-assessment, notice and reporting duties and the AI-interaction disclosure. It adds no new duties. Signed August 28, 2025 (Chapter 3, 2025 First Extraordinary Session); effective November 25, 2025. SB 26-189 repeals and reenacts Part 17 effective January 1, 2027.
Conversational Artificial Intelligence Service Operator Requirements
Colorado's HB 26-1263 regulates operators of conversational AI services: public AI systems that mainly simulate human conversation (customer-service, business and other listed uses excluded). From January 1, 2027, operators must tell users the service is AI (daily, every three hours or persistently, and when asked), run a suicide and self-harm protocol with crisis referrals, and not claim outputs come from or are endorsed by licensed health, legal or mental health professionals. For known minors they must also guard against sexual content and simulated romance, avoid unpredictable engagement rewards and offer privacy tools. Signed May 29, 2026 (Chapter 208); act effective August 12, 2026.
Artificial Intelligence & Biometric Technologies
Colorado's HB 24-1468 repealed and reenacted the facial recognition task force created by SB 22-113 as the Artificial Intelligence Impact Task Force. Membership grew from 15 to 26, and the focus widened from government use of facial recognition to protections for consumers and workers from AI and automated decision systems: definitions, transparency and disclosure rules, algorithmic discrimination, best practices and metrics, and facial recognition and biometric technology. It had to meet by September 1, 2024 and report by February 1, 2025, and is set to be repealed September 1, 2027. Signed June 6, 2024 (Chapter 467); effective on signature.
Relates to requiring disclosure of use of generative artificial intelligence in a civil action
New York's S 9794 would add Civil Practice Law and Rules rule 2107 and amend rule 5528. A paper or file served that was drafted with generative AI assistance would need a separate affidavit disclosing the AI use and certifying that a human reviewed the source material and verified the AI-generated content's accuracy. An appellant's brief would carry the same disclosure and certification where rule 2107 requires it. Committed to Rules June 5, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Prohibits transcripts being made from video conference meetings by artificial intelligence without conspicuous disclosure during such meeting that such meeting may be transcribed by artificial intelligence.
New York's S 8459 would add Civil Rights Law section 50-h ("Right to Privacy; Transcription"). No person could permit a video conference meeting to be transcribed by artificial intelligence unless the meeting includes a conspicuous disclosure during the meeting that every attendee may have their words transcribed by AI. The text defines no terms and sets no penalty, enforcer or private right of action. Referred to Rules July 16, 2025 and to Internet and Technology January 7, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Artificial intelligence; disclosure of artificial intelligence-generated content required, enforcement provided
Alabama's SB 129 would require developers of generative AI systems that produce images, video or audiovisual content to include a clear, conspicuous and unavoidable disclosure that the content is AI-generated, plus metadata naming the tool and creation time, and to take reasonable steps to stop licensees and end users removing it. Violations would be unlawful trade practices with a private right of action. Referred to Senate Judiciary January 13, 2026; the bill died when the 2026 regular session ended without final passage.
Requires disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence in customer services at the point of interaction with the customer; defines terms.
New York's S 8874 would add General Business Law § 399-m-1 requiring any person, firm, partnership, association or corporation, or its agent or employee, to disclose its use of AI to influence customer interaction (such as automated customer support, ad targeting, eligibility decisions and AI hiring tools). The disclosure must appear at the point of interaction, be clear and conspicuous in bold type of at least twelve points, and describe the AI's role. Referred to the Internet and Technology Committee January 13, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Artificial intelligence, consumer protection
South Carolina's S 963 would enact the Consumer Protections in Interactions with Artificial Intelligence Systems Act (Chapter 31 of Title 37). Developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems used in consequential decisions would owe a duty of reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination, with impact assessments, consumer notices and appeal rights. The Attorney General would have exclusive enforcement. Introduced February 26, 2026 and referred to the Senate Banking and Insurance Committee; it has not passed either chamber.
Ai, Deepfakes, Cybersecurity, Data Xfers
Alaska's SB 2 (2025-26) would have required a disclosure statement on election-related communications that include a deepfake, set rules for state agency use of generative AI in consequential decisions (inventory, impact assessments, notice, consent, appeal, and bans on some uses), and addressed transfers of data about individuals between state agencies. It was heard and held in Senate State Affairs on April 29, 2025 and died May 20, 2026.
Prohibiting the use of generative artificial intelligence to create false representations of candidates in election campaign media or of state officials.
Not law. Kansas SB 375 would have barred using synthetic media, meaning realistic but false images, audio or video made with generative AI or other digital technology, in election campaign communications to alter a candidate's appearance, action or speech, and in any communication to alter that of an elected or appointed state official. Violations would have been class C misdemeanors. Including the statement 'This (image/video/audio) has been manipulated' would have been an affirmative defense. It had a Senate Federal and State Affairs hearing February 8, 2024 and died in committee April 30, 2024.
Synthetic Media: Liability; Elections
Alaska's SB 33 (2025-26) would have made a defamation action based on synthetic media a claim for defamation per se and barred a person from knowingly using synthetic media in an electioneering communication with intent to influence an election. A harmed individual could sue for damages, attorney fees and costs or seek an injunction. It was heard and held in Senate State Affairs on April 29, 2025 and died when the session ended May 20, 2026.
Children and Social Media
South Carolina's S 268, 'Children and Social Media', would add Chapter 80 to Title 39. Covered online services, which may include AI-based products, would owe minors a duty of care, face limits on data, notifications and profiling, and have to explain personalized recommendation systems and report on their algorithms. The Senate approved it 43-0 on second reading April 30, 2025 and gave it third reading May 1, 2025; it was then referred to the House Judiciary Committee.
Candidate Election Deepfake Disclosures
Colorado's HB 24-1147 bars anyone from distributing a communication about a candidate (including federal candidates and incumbents) with a deepfake to the candidate's electorate in the 60 days before a primary or 90 before a general election, if they know or recklessly disregard that the candidate did not say or do what is shown, unless it clearly states: "This (image/audio/video/multimedia) has been edited and depicts speech or conduct that falsely appears to be authentic or truthful." Secretary of State complaints bring civil penalties; candidates may sue for injunctions and damages. Qualifying news, satire and parody are exempt. Signed May 24, 2024 (Chapter 250); effective July 1, 2024.
Advanced Technology
Florida's CS/CS/SB 1680 (Chapter 2024-118) creates the Government Technology Modernization Council (s. 282.802, F.S.), chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, to study AI in government: a state code of ethics for AI systems, AI safety and security standards, how automated decision systems affect legal rights, how bad actors exploit AI, and provenance disclosure for AI-generated images and audio. It reports each December 31 from 2024. New s. 827.072 makes knowingly possessing or intentionally viewing, or intentionally creating, generated child pornography (computer-created or altered images of a fictitious minor) a third-degree felony. Effective July 1, 2024.
Artificial Intelligence Facial Recognition
Colorado's SB 22-113 sets rules for facial recognition used by state agencies, local governments and state colleges: a notice of intent and public accountability report before use, vendor bias disclosures, testing and meaningful human review for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects, training and records. Police need a warrant or another listed basis for ongoing surveillance, real-time identification or tracking. It barred schools from new facial recognition contracts until July 1, 2025; SB 25-143 (2025) removed that end date. Its task force became the AI Impact Task Force (HB 24-1468), ending September 1, 2027. Signed June 8, 2022 (Chapter 463); effective August 10, 2022.
candidates; digital impersonation; injunctive relief (now: digital impersonation; injunctive relief; requirements)
Arizona's HB 2394 (Laws 2024, Ch. 193) adds A.R.S. 16-1023. A candidate on a state ballot, or any Arizona resident, may sue a person who publishes a "digital impersonation" of them without consent: synthetic video, audio or image made with deep generative or AI methods to deceive viewers into thinking it is authentic. The main remedy is declaratory relief on an expedited schedule. Injunctive relief and damages are limited to sexual or nude content of private figures. Parody, satire and commentary are excluded, and interactive computer services are protected. The act carried an emergency clause, and the section applies 14 days after its effective date.
AN ACT concerning crimes, punishment and criminal procedure; relating to release of persons prior to trial; authorizing electronic monitoring with victim notification; modifying the culpable mental state required to commit the crime of breach of privacy; modifying the elements of the crime of blackmail related to threatened dissemination of any image, video or other recording of another identifiable person who is nude or engaged in sexual activity; and related matters (L. 2026, ch. 114).
Kansas HB 2479 (L. 2026, ch. 114) is a criminal-law bill with an AI provision. Blackmail (K.S.A. 21-5428) now covers threatening to disseminate an image, video or other recording of an identifiable person who is nude or engaged in sexual activity, expressly including recordings created, altered or modified by artificial intelligence or any digital means, whether or not the person took part in the original. The breach-of-privacy offense keeps its AI-altered intimate image language. Other parts deal with pretrial electronic monitoring and are not about AI.
An act relating to a temporary moratorium on AI data centers and a report on the construction and operation of AI data centers in Vermont
Vermont's S.205 (2025-2026 biennium) would have barred any person from operating an AI data center, or starting site preparation or construction of one, in Vermont before July 1, 2030. An AI data center is a facility requiring more than 100 megawatts of new load for AI inference, training, simulation or synthetic data generation. The Public Utility Commission would have investigated and reported by January 15, 2027. It was referred to Senate Finance on January 6, 2026 and died when the biennium ended.
An Act to Ensure Transparency in Consumer Transactions Involving Artificial Intelligence
Maine's chatbot disclosure law adds a chapter on communications with consumers via artificial intelligence to Title 10. A person may not use an artificial intelligence chatbot or other computer technology to engage in trade and commerce with a consumer in a way that may mislead or deceive a reasonable consumer into believing they are talking with a human, unless the consumer is clearly and conspicuously notified that they are not dealing with a human. A violation is a violation of the Maine Unfair Trade Practices Act.
Public postsecondary education: generative artificial intelligence systems: procurement standards: training.
California's community colleges and CSU must, and the University of California is asked to, form a working group that by January 1, 2028 recommends procurement standards and user training for generative AI systems bought for education. Standards must require a documented risk assessment, safeguards against harmful output, no engagement-driven sycophancy, self-harm monitoring with human escalation, incident reporting, data-minimization and retention policies, and disclosure of training data sources. Until standards exist, each systemwide GenAI contract triggers a report to the Legislature within 60 days. Effective January 1, 2027.
Ai, Deepfakes, Cybersecurity, Data Xfers
Alaska's SB 177 (2023-24), as the Senate State Affairs committee substitute CSSB 177(STA), would have required a disclosure statement on election-related communications that include a deepfake, set rules for state agency use of generative AI for consequential decisions, and addressed transfers of data about individuals between state agencies. Senate State Affairs reported it April 23-24, 2024 and it was referred to Judiciary; it died when the 33rd Legislature's session ended.
Digital Content Authenticity and Transparency Act; established, civil penalty.
Virginia's SB 1417 (2025 Regular Session) would have created the Digital Content Authenticity and Transparency Act, requiring generative AI developers to apply provenance data to synthetic content and offer a public provenance tool and reader, with Attorney General enforcement and civil penalties. Passed by indefinitely in committee on January 24, 2025; it failed.
CLEAR Act Copyright Labeling and Ethical AI Reporting Act
The federal S. 3813 (CLEAR Act, Copyright Labeling and Ethical AI Reporting Act) would require anyone who uses a training dataset to train or release a generative AI model to file a notice with the Register of Copyrights summarizing each copyrighted work in it, at least 30 days before commercial use or release. Copyright owners could sue, with civil penalties of not less than $5,000 per failure, capped at $2,500,000 per year. Introduced February 10, 2026 and referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee; no further action.
Health Insurance; prohibiting issue of outcomes with AI; requiring decisions to be made by provider; requiring disclosures. Emergency.
Oklahoma's SB 2038 (2026), as introduced, would have barred a health insurance issuer from issuing an adverse consumer outcome (denial, reduction or termination of coverage or benefits) that results from an AI system, required a licensed professional to review and issue such final decisions, and required a disclosure notice. It was referred to a Senate committee February 3, 2026 and died when the session ended May 14, 2026.
An Act amending section 13-1425, Arizona Revised Statutes; relating to sexual offenses.
Arizona's SB 1462 (Laws 2025, Ch. 106) amends A.R.S. 13-1425, unlawful disclosure of images depicting nudity or sexual activities, to cover fabricated images. A "realistic pictorial representation" is an image created or modified to reasonably appear to be an actual image of an identifiable person nude or engaged in sexual activity that did not actually occur. Disclosing such an image, or threatening to, is a class 1 misdemeanor. Images made in the public interest (scientific or educational activity) or about a newsworthy event are excluded, as are representations the depicted person made.
FY27 BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION
Article 40 of the FY2027 Budget Implementation Act supports Senate Bill 315, the Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act. It lets the Illinois Emergency Management Agency and Office of Homeland Security adopt emergency rules for that Act (5 ILCS 100/5-45.71), creates the AI Safety Measures Fund for its fees and civil penalties (30 ILCS 105/5.1038, 6z-149), and amends Sections 18 and 25 of the Act so large frontier developer disclosure and annual fees are set by rule. Article 40 takes effect when the Act becomes law or on SB 315's effective date, whichever is later.
Relates to requiring certain notice and disclosure regarding materially deceptive media in political communications
Chapter 169 of 2024 amends Election Law 14-106(5), the deceptive political media disclosure rule added weeks earlier by the FY2025 budget. Materially deceptive media is realistic content created or modified with software, machine learning or AI that depicts something that did not happen. The amendment limits the disclosure duty to distributors who know the media is deceptive, narrows the news exemption to outlets that flag doubts about authenticity, adds a safe harbor for paid broadcasters and streaming services with consistent disclaimer rules, and says labels are not required where they would conflict with federal law. Effective immediately.
Elections: deceptive audio or visual media.
AB 730 amended Elections Code 20010 and Code of Civil Procedure 35 to address election deepfakes. Until January 1, 2023 (later extended), no person or committee may distribute, with actual malice, materially deceptive audio or visual media of a candidate within 60 days of an election to injure the candidate's reputation or deceive voters. Such media is an image, audio or video intentionally manipulated so it would falsely appear authentic. Media disclosing that it has been manipulated is allowed, and the depicted candidate may seek an injunction and damages.
Vehicles: consumer notices.
SB 1398 added Vehicle Code Section 24011.5. A dealer or manufacturer that sells a new passenger vehicle equipped with a partial driving automation feature, or that adds such a feature by software update or upgrade, must give the buyer or owner a notice describing the functions and limitations of the feature. Manufacturers and dealers are prohibited from naming or marketing these features in a way that deceptively suggests the vehicle is autonomous or more capable than it is. Violations of the notice requirement are infractions.
Crimes: distribution of intimate images.
SB 926 amended Penal Code Section 647 (disorderly conduct). It makes it a crime for a person 18 or older to intentionally create and distribute any photo realistic, digital, electronic, computer, or computer-generated image of an intimate body part or sexual act of another identifiable person, created so a reasonable person would believe it is authentic, when the distributor knows or should know distribution will cause serious emotional distress and the person depicted suffers that distress. This extends the existing revenge porn offense to synthetic and AI-generated intimate images.
Tenancy: digitally altered images: disclosure.
AB 2025 added Civil Code Section 1940.11 and amended Business and Professions Code Section 10140.8. A person who includes a digitally altered image (an image altered through photo editing software or artificial intelligence to add, remove, or change elements), in an advertisement or promotional material for rental of real property must include a disclosure and, in most cases, provide the unaltered image. The requirement does not apply to renderings not originally created with a capture device. Violations by real estate licensees are violations of the Real Estate Law. It extends the 2025 sale-listing rule (AB 723) to rentals.
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (Division A, Title XV, Subtitle E: Artificial Intelligence)
Subtitle E of Title XV of the FY2024 NDAA is an AI subtitle for the Department of Defense. It expands the acquisition authority of DoD's chief AI official (sec. 1541), requires bug bounty programs for foundational AI models used by DoD (sec. 1542), and directs a prize competition for technology that detects and watermarks generative AI content (sec. 1543). DoD must review its AI strategy and issue guidance on AI adoption, ethical use and mitigating bias in AI algorithms (sec. 1544), and study vulnerabilities of AI-enabled military applications (sec. 1545). The rest of the NDAA is outside this entry.
AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 39, Chapter 14, Part 1 and Title 47, relative to the protection of personal rights.
The ELVIS Act renames Tennessee's Personal Rights Protection Act and adds a property right in a person's voice, defined to cover a sound readily identifiable as a particular person 'regardless of whether the sound contains the actual voice or a simulation of the voice.' It creates civil liability for publishing or distributing someone's voice or likeness without authorization, and for distributing an algorithm, software, tool or other technology whose primary purpose is producing a particular person's photograph, voice or likeness without authorization. Record labels with exclusive contracts may sue. First Amendment-type uses are exempt. Effective July 1, 2024.
Child pornography; production, publication, sale, financing, etc.
Virginia SB 731 (2024) expands the definition of child pornography in Code 18.2-374.1 to cover sexually explicit visual material that depicts a minor in a state of nudity or engaged in sexual conduct where the depiction is obscene, and states that for this clause the minor depicted does not have to actually exist. The existing clause covering images created, adapted or modified using an identifiable real minor's likeness remains. The change reaches AI-generated and other synthetic child sexual abuse material; the act itself does not use the words 'artificial intelligence'. Effective July 1, 2024.
Concerning preventing certain disclosures of intimate depictions, and, in connection therewith, creating a cause of action for nonconsensual disclosure of an intimate digital depiction and adding and amending related provisions in criminal law.
Colorado SB 25-288 enacts the Preventing Unauthorized Disclosure of Intimate Digital Depictions Act. A digital depiction is a highly realistic image falsely appearing authentic that was created, altered or produced by generative AI, image editing software or computer-generated means. A person who discloses or threatens to disclose an intimate digital depiction without signed consent can be sued for actual damages or $150,000, exemplary damages, fees and injunctions; a disclaimer is no defense. It also extends sexual exploitation of a child to realistic computer-generated depictions of an identifiable child and updates the private-image offenses.
Relating to Elections -- Deceptive and Fraudulent Synthetic Media in Election Communications
Rhode Island's 2025 election deepfake law (R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 17-30) bars candidates, campaign committees, PACs, party committees and independent spenders from distributing synthetic media they know or should know is deceptive and fraudulent within 90 days of an election. Synthetic media is an image, audio or video of a person intentionally manipulated with generative adversarial network techniques or other digital technology to look real but give a fundamentally different impression. A clear disclosure that the media 'has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence' is a safe harbor. Depicted candidates may seek injunctions and damages. Effective on passage.
Relating to Elections -- Deceptive and Fraudulent Synthetic Media in Election Communications
Rhode Island's 2025 election deepfake law (R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 17-30) bars candidates, campaign committees, PACs, party committees and independent spenders from distributing synthetic media they know or should know is deceptive and fraudulent within 90 days of an election. Synthetic media is an image, audio or video of a person intentionally manipulated with generative adversarial network techniques or other digital technology to look real but give a fundamentally different impression. A clear disclosure that the media 'has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence' is a safe harbor. Depicted candidates may seek injunctions and damages. Effective on passage.
Relating to Criminal Offenses -- Electronic Imaging Devices
Rhode Island's 2025 amendment to R.I. Gen. Laws 11-64-3 makes the crime of unauthorized dissemination of indecent material cover sexually explicit or intimate images of an identifiable adult, including any image created by a digital device or altered by digitization, when shared without consent and with knowledge or reckless disregard of harm or intent to harass. A first offense is a misdemeanor and later offenses are felonies; threatening disclosure to obtain a benefit or demanding payment for removal is a felony up to 5 years. Platforms and telecom services are not liable for third-party content. Effective on passage.
Relating to Criminal Offenses -- Electronic Imaging Devices
Rhode Island's 2025 amendment to R.I. Gen. Laws 11-64-3 makes the crime of unauthorized dissemination of indecent material cover sexually explicit or intimate images of an identifiable adult, including any image created by a digital device or altered by digitization, when shared without consent and with knowledge or reckless disregard of harm or intent to harass. A first offense is a misdemeanor and later offenses are felonies; threatening disclosure to obtain a benefit or demanding payment for removal is a felony up to 5 years. Platforms and telecom services are not liable for third-party content. Effective on passage.
Requires certification of filings produced using generative artificial intelligence; requires the brief of an appellant to contain a disclosure of the use of generative artificial intelligence in the drafting of the brief and certification that the content therein was reviewed and verified by a…
New York's A 8546 would add CPLR Rule 2107, requiring any paper or file served that was drafted with the assistance of generative artificial intelligence to attach a separate affidavit disclosing that use and certifying that a human being has reviewed the source material and verified the content is accurate. CPLR 5528(a) would require the same disclosure in an appellant's brief. Would take effect on the 90th day after it becomes law. Introduced May 20, 2025 and referred to the Judiciary Committee (again January 7, 2026); it has not passed either chamber.
sexual assault kits; victim notification
Arizona HB 2482 (Laws 2023, ch. 154) moves the law enforcement crime victim notification fund to A.R.S. 41-2414 and puts it under the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission, which must use it to expand the state's automated crime victim notification system. The funded software must, among other things, "allow victims to leverage conversational artificial intelligence for bidirectional real-time communication with law enforcement agencies through voice, text messages and emails," with a virtual agent that answers and asks questions based on the victim's questions and responses. The act also set up a temporary sexual assault kit study committee. Approved May 19, 2023.
Data Privacy Amendments
Utah H.B. 444 (2025) amends the Government Data Privacy Act for state and local governmental entities. It defines "automated decision making" (decisions about a person by automated processing without human review) and says high-risk processing activities may include facial recognition technology and automated decision making. Each entity must describe its high-risk processing in an annual privacy program report, and the Utah Office of Data Privacy, which monitors high-risk processing, must help identify best practices on automated decision making and synthetic data. It applies to government, not businesses. Passed by two-thirds, it took effect when signed on March 27, 2025.
Establishes the Stop Addictive Feeds Exploitation (SAFE) for Kids act prohibiting the provision of addictive feeds to minors
New York's SAFE for Kids Act (Chapter 120 of 2024) adds GBL Article 45. An "addictive feed" is one in which user-generated media is recommended, selected or prioritized for a user based on information associated with the user or their device; the Legislature's findings describe these feeds as personalized by machine learning algorithms. An operator may not provide an addictive feed to a user unless it has used commercially reasonable methods to determine the user is not a minor or has verifiable parental consent, and may not send minors notifications between 12 a.m. and 6 a.m. without parental consent. It takes effect 180 days after the Attorney General's rules take effect.
Protecting Our Kids from Social Media Addiction Act.
California's SB 976 (Chapter 321 of 2024), the Protecting Our Kids from Social Media Addiction Act, adds Health and Safety Code section 27000 and following. An "addictive feed" is one in which user-generated media is recommended, selected or prioritized for a user based on information provided by or associated with the user or their device. An operator may not provide an addictive feed to a user it knows is a minor without verifiable parental consent, and from January 1, 2027 it must reasonably determine that a user is not a minor, including under Attorney General rules, before providing one. It also limits notifications to minors between 12 a.m. and 6 a.m. without parental consent.
DISCLOSING EXPLICIT SYNTHETIC MEDIA – Adds to existing law to provide for the crime of disclosing explicit synthetic media.
Idaho's H 575 (2024) created the crime of disclosing explicit synthetic media in Idaho Code 18-6606. Synthetic media is an image or video created or altered with technical means, such as artificial intelligence, to realistically show an identifiable person doing something they did not do; explicit synthetic media shows sexual conduct or intimate parts. Knowingly disclosing it without consent when it would cause substantial emotional distress, disclosing it to harass or degrade, or threatening to disclose it to extort money or images is a misdemeanor, and a felony (up to 10 years, $25,000) for a repeat offense within five years. Effective July 1, 2024.
ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATIONS – Freedom From AI-Rigged (FAIR) Elections Act: relief and actions over synthetic media in electioneering communications
Idaho's H 664 (2024), the Freedom From AI-Rigged (FAIR) Elections Act, targets deepfakes in campaign ads. Synthetic media is audio or video of a person's speech or conduct created with generative adversarial network techniques or other digital technology so that it seems real but shows something that did not happen. A candidate deceptively shown in synthetic media in an electioneering communication may seek an injunction and sue the content creator for damages and attorney's fees. Including the disclosure 'This (video/audio) has been manipulated', shown or read as the law specifies, is an affirmative defense. It took effect March 25, 2024.
California AI Transparency Act.
California's SB 942, the California AI Transparency Act, as amended, requires anyone who produces a generative AI system publicly accessible in California to offer a free, public disclosure verification tool and, where technically feasible, embed hard-to-remove latent disclosures (provider, system and version, time and date, unique ID, whether AI created or altered it) in AI image, video and audio output. Penalty: $5,000 per violation, each day a separate violation. SB 1000 (Chapter 861), effective September 30, 2026, dropped the original 1,000,000-user threshold and the visible-label option. Signed September 19, 2024 (Chapter 291); duties operative August 2, 2026, as moved by AB 853.
Criminalize use of real and digitally fabricated sexually explicit images
Montana's HB 514 (Chapter 686 of 2025) extends the offense of violating privacy in communications to digitally fabricated intimate images. Digitally fabricated means created with technical means, such as artificial intelligence, to realistically show an identifiable person doing something they did not do. It is a crime to publish, distribute or disclose real or fabricated nude or sexual images of an identifiable person without consent to terrify, intimidate, threaten, harass, injure or get money, or to possess them and threaten disclosure for money. A first offense is a misdemeanor; a second or later is a felony with up to five years and a $25,000 fine. Effective October 1, 2025.
An Act Concerning the State Budget for the Biennium Ending June 30, 2027, and Making Appropriations Therefor, and Provisions Related to Revenue and Other Items Implementing the State Budget
Section 261 of Connecticut's 2025 budget act (Public Act 25-168) creates the crime of unlawful dissemination of an intimate synthetically created image. A synthetically created image is a photo, video or other image not wholly recorded by a camera or partly or wholly computer-generated that is virtually indistinguishable from a real depiction of an identifiable person. It is a crime to intentionally share such an intimate image without consent, knowing it is synthetic, intending viewers to believe it is real, when the person is harmed, or after creating or obtaining it to harm them. Penalties reach a class D felony. Section 261 is effective October 1, 2025.
An Act Establishing a Civil Action for the Office of the Attorney General and a Private Right of Action for Victims of Unlawful Dissemination of a Synthetically Created Intimate Image
Connecticut's HB 5312 (Public Act 26-55) adds civil remedies for AI-made intimate images. A person harmed by unlawful dissemination of a synthetically created intimate image may sue whoever knowingly shared it with intent to harm, for an injunction, damages including punitive damages, and attorney's fees, within two years of discovery. Covered platforms must run a notice-and-removal process for victims and the Attorney General, post plain-language instructions, and remove reported images and reasonable efforts at copies within 48 hours. The Attorney General can seek penalties of up to $25,000 per day. Effective October 1, 2026.
Relative to prohibiting the nonconsensual dissemination of synthetic sexual images
New Hampshire's HB 1319 (Chapter 127 of 2024) extends the crime of nonconsensual dissemination of private sexual images to synthetic images. A synthetic image is an image altered or created to depict a person in a realistic but false way. It is a class B felony to purposely share, to harass, intimidate, threaten or coerce the person shown, a synthetic image that manipulates a recognizable person's image to create a realistic but false depiction of their intimate parts or sexual activity without consent. Exceptions cover investigations, reporting unlawful conduct and lawful public purposes. Effective January 1, 2025.
Enacts the "political artificial intelligence disclaimer (PAID) act"; requires political communications that use synthetic media to disclose that they were created with the assistance of artificial intelligence; requires committees that use synthetic media to maintain records of such usage.
New York's S 2414, the political artificial intelligence disclaimer (PAID) act, would amend Election Law § 14-106 so political communications produced by or including synthetic media (media fully or partly created or modified by AI algorithms) carry the statement "This political communication was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence." Committees would also have to keep and file records of synthetic media use. Referred to Elections January 7, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Criminalizing the creation of child intimate visual representations
New Hampshire's SB 300 (Chapter 259 of 2025) creates RSA 649-A:3-c, which makes it a class B felony to knowingly create, produce, manufacture or direct an intimate visual representation of a child for prurient purposes when the child can be identified from it or from information shown with it. An intimate visual representation includes any photo, video, digital image, synthetic image or computer-generated image showing a child's intimate parts, and a synthetic image is one altered or created to show a person in a realistic but false way. The offense is added to the sex offender registry as an offense against a child and a Tier II offense. Effective January 1, 2026.
Adopt the Ensuring Transparency in Prior Authorization Act and provide for insurance and medicaid coverage of biomarker testing
Nebraska's LB 77 (2025) adopts the Ensuring Transparency in Prior Authorization Act. Its AI section says an artificial intelligence-based algorithm may not be the sole basis for a utilization review agent's decision to deny, delay or modify health care services based on medical necessity. Agents must disclose to the Department of Insurance, to every network provider, to every enrollee and on their public website whether AI-based algorithms are or will be used in utilization review. The department may audit an agent's automated utilization management system at any time, including through a third party. The section is operative January 1, 2026.
Requires disclosure of use of generative artificial intelligence to clients, criminal defendants, and the court.
New York's A 9097 would add CPLR Rule 2107 and Criminal Procedure Law § 10.50 on generative AI in legal drafting. No paper or file could be drafted using generative AI without the informed consent of the client (or defendant) after a warning of its dangers. A GenAI-assisted filing would need a separate affidavit disclosing the use and certifying human review, including case citations; other filings would need an affidavit saying none was used. Would take effect on the ninetieth day after it becomes law. Referred to Judiciary September 12, 2025 (and January 7, 2026); it has not passed either chamber.
Technology Transparency
South Carolina's H 3401, 'Technology Transparency', would add Chapter 31 to Title 37. It would bar government entities from working with social media platforms on content moderation, give consumers rights to opt out of profiling with significant effects, require search engines to publish plain-language ranking parameters, and require data protection assessments. Introduced January 14, 2025 and referred to the House Judiciary Committee; it has not passed either chamber.
To protect against election misinformation
Massachusetts S44 would bar distributing, with actual malice, a materially deceptive election-related communication within 90 days of an election, with injunctions and damages as remedies; it defines synthetic media as audio or video substantially produced by generative AI. On October 16, 2025 it accompanied new draft S2631, which was referred to Senate Ways and Means that day.
An Act Regarding Artificial Intelligence in Campaign Advertising
Not law. Maine's LD 1690 would have required political communications using images, audio or video that have been materially manipulated or altered and contain 'synthetic media' to carry the statement 'THIS COMMUNICATION CONTAINS AUDIO, VIDEO AND/OR IMAGES THAT HAVE BEEN MANIPULATED OR ALTERED.' Violations could draw penalties up to 500% of the expenditure with no 10-day cure, and the Ethics Commission could seek an injunction. The committee voted Ought Not To Pass May 19, 2025; final disposition May 27, 2025. A separate bill, LD 517 (synthetic media in campaign advertising), was enacted as Chapter 593, signed March 23, 2026.
Regulate artificial intelligence in media and political advertisements under the Nebraska Political Accountability and Disclosure Act
Not law. Nebraska LB1203 (2024), introduced by Senator John Cavanaugh, would have required a clear and conspicuous AI disclosure on paid political ads generated wholly or substantially by AI, and barred knowingly distributing materially deceptive AI media within 90 days before an election with intent to harm a candidate and deceive voters, unless it carried a disclaimer. Remedies were permanent injunctions only. Indefinitely postponed April 18, 2024.
To protect against election misinformation
Massachusetts S2631 would bar distributing, with actual malice, a materially deceptive election-related communication within 90 days of an election, with injunctions and damages as remedies; it defines synthetic media as audio or video substantially produced by generative AI. Reported favorably and referred to Senate Ways and Means October 16, 2025; it has not passed either chamber.
Regulates artificial intelligence in news media industry; establishes "Artificial Intelligence In Communications Oversight Committee."
New Jersey's A5164 would regulate AI in the news media. News entities could use AI to assist staff but not replace them, and generative AI content would need a prominent label, source credit and an accuracy disclaimer. Civil penalties would be $10,000, $20,000 and then $30,000. Introduced January 14, 2025. A bill of the Legislature's 2024-2025 session, which ended January 13, 2026.
Enhancing disclosure requirements for synthetic media in political advertising
Massachusetts H846 would require paid audio or video political communications that contain synthetic media (content substantially produced by generative AI) to carry AI disclosure labels at the beginning and end and throughout the synthetic portions, with fines up to $1,000. On February 11, 2026 new draft H5094 was substituted; H5094 passed the House 157-0 that day and was referred to Senate Ways and Means February 12, 2026.
A bill for an act relating to artificial intelligence, including the use of artificial intelligence to create materials related to elections and protections in interactions with artificial intelligence systems, and making penalties applicable.
Iowa's HSB 294 would require a disclosure on AI-generated election material that advocates for or against a candidate or ballot issue, and would create Code chapter 554I requiring developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination, with attorney general enforcement. The House committee voted 18-3 for passage on March 6, 2025; it has not passed either chamber.
SCH CD-STUDENT BIOMETRIC INFO
Illinois's SB 1239 would amend the School Code to bar school districts from buying, acquiring, using or contracting for biometric systems, including facial recognition software, on students. Districts holding student biometric information would have to destroy it within 30 days after the Act takes effect. Filed January 24, 2025; re-referred to Assignments April 11, 2025; it has not passed either house.
A bill for an act relating to the use of synthetic media in campaign materials, and making penalties applicable. (Formerly HSB 643.)
Iowa's HF 2609 (formerly HSB 643) would require published campaign material containing synthetic media (realistic but false digitally manipulated images, audio or video of a real person) to carry the words "THIS CONTENT GENERATED USING SYNTHETIC MEDIA." The responsible person bears sole responsibility. Passed the House 89-2 on March 12, 2026 as amended; in Senate subcommittee March 17, 2026.
A bill for an act relating to the use of synthetic media in campaign materials, and making penalties applicable.
Iowa's SSB 3039 (proposed by the Ethics and Campaign Disclosure Board) would require published campaign material containing synthetic media (realistic but false manipulated images, audio or video) to prominently include the words "THIS CONTENT GENERATED USING SYNTHETIC MEDIA." Senate subcommittee recommended amendment and passage January 21, 2026. The House counterpart HF 2609 has passed the House.
Regulates how certain large social media platforms utilize algorithms.
Rhode Island H 7954 (2026), the Digital Platform Transparency and Democratic Integrity Act as introduced on February 27, 2026, would require covered platforms (more than one million monthly active users nationally that let users create profiles and share content) to disclose the main factors behind content ranking and to label AI-made synthetic media that appears to depict real people, statements or events. Knowing violations carry civil penalties up to $10,000 each. The text says it takes effect upon passage.
Requiring consumer notification for chatbot systems
Massachusetts's S 243 (194th General Court) would add G.L. c. 93, section 115, declaring it an unfair and deceptive act under chapter 93A for a person, in a commercial transaction or trade practice with a consumer, to use a bot (such as a chatbot or AI agent) that may mislead a reasonable person into believing they are dealing with a human, whether or not anyone is actually misled. A person is not liable if the consumer is clearly and conspicuously told they are communicating with a computer. Reported favorably by the Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure Committee November 19, 2025 and referred to Senate Ways and Means; it has not passed either house.
"New Jersey Disclosure and Accountability Transparency Act (NJ DaTA)"; establishes certain requirements for disclosure and processing of personally identifiable information; establishes Office of Data Protection and Responsible Use in Division of Consumer Affairs.
New Jersey's S2602 would create the New Jersey Disclosure and Accountability Transparency Act (NJ DaTA). Controllers could process personally identifiable information only on a listed basis, such as the consumer's affirmative opt-in consent, and consumers would get disclosure, correction, erasure, objection and automated-decision rights. A violation would be an unlawful practice under the Consumer Fraud Act, and an Office of Data Protection and Responsible Use would be created in the Division of Consumer Affairs. Pre-filed for introduction in the 2026 session.
Establishes "Fair Pricing and Transparency Act."
New Jersey's S3952, the Fair Pricing and Transparency Act, would bar retail food stores with 50 or fewer employees from surveillance-based price discrimination, dynamic pricing and personalized pricing of groceries, and require them to post sale prices clearly. Stores of 15,000 square feet or more could not use electronic shelf labels until four years after the effective date. Introduced March 16, 2026.
Updates certain crimes to include nonconsensual pornographic deepfake threats and disclosure.
New Jersey's A2736 would add deepfake images to New Jersey's invasion-of-privacy and criminal coercion offenses. Knowingly reproducing an actual or deepfake intimate image without consent would be third-degree; disclosing a deepfake image based on another person's image, knowingly or with reckless disregard of any license or privilege, would be fourth-degree; threatening disclosure would be criminal coercion.
AN ACT relating to protection of information and declaring an emergency.
Kentucky's HB 672 (2025 session) would have required state departments and agencies to route generative and high-risk AI through an Artificial Intelligence Governance Committee created by the Commonwealth Office of Technology. It would have required approval, a public registry, disclaimers on AI-generated decisions and outputs, risk management policies and impact assessments for high-risk systems, employee training, and regulations by July 1, 2025. It also would have let candidates and election officers sue over undisclosed synthetic media in election ads. Referred to House State Government; died. SB 4 (2025), with the same title, was enacted instead (Acts Ch. 66).
Prohibits and imposes criminal penalty on disclosure of certain intentionally deceptive audio or visual media within 90 days of election.
New Jersey's S2129 would make it a fourth-degree crime to knowingly or recklessly disclose, or to solicit, intentionally deceptive audio or visual media (deepfakes) within 90 days of an election with intent to deceive a voter with false information; a repeat offense would be third-degree. Voters and depicted candidates could sue, and media carrying a prescribed disclaimer would be excepted.
Prohibits deepfake pornography and imposes criminal and civil penalties for non-consensual disclosure.
New Jersey's S1159 would add 'deceptive audio or visual media' (deepfakes) to the State's invasion-of-privacy law, making it a third-degree crime, with a fine of up to $30,000, to disclose such intimate media of a person without consent, knowing one is not licensed or privileged to do so. It would add such media to the child sexual exploitation offenses and let the person depicted sue.
Requires artificial intelligence companion operators to provide notifications that users are not communicating with human.
New Jersey's A4732 would require operators of AI companions, meaning generative AI systems designed to simulate a sustained human or human-like relationship, to tell users they are not talking to a human. The notice must come at the start of each interaction and repeat at least every three hours. The penalty would be $15,000 per violation. This describes the bill as introduced March 10, 2026; later committee amendments, if any, are not reflected.
Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act; established.
Virginia's HB 2554 (2025 Regular Session) would have created the Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act, requiring developers of generative AI systems that produce audio, images, text or video to include a clear and conspicuous disclosure on AI-generated content and to prevent downstream use without it. Left in committee on February 4, 2025; it failed.
Permits testing and use of autonomous vehicles on State roadways under certain circumstances.
New Jersey's A768 would allow autonomous vehicles to be tested on New Jersey public roads if a designated operator sits in the driver's seat and the manufacturer has $5,000,000 in insurance, a surety bond or self-insurance and the Motor Vehicle Commission has approved its application. Manufacturers would also have to give buyers a written disclosure of the data the technology collects.
Provides civil penalties for campaign advertisements containing "deepfake" misrepresentations of candidates.
New Jersey's A4163 would make a covered person liable for fraudulent misrepresentation of a candidate if they knowingly and intentionally disseminate a campaign advertisement containing a deepfake of that candidate, unless it carries a prescribed disclosure and embedded content provenance. A candidate could sue for punitive damages and daily civil penalties of up to $15,000, $50,000 or $250,000 by office. Introduced February 19, 2026.
Prohibits deepfake pornography and imposes criminal and civil penalties for non-consensual disclosure.
New Jersey's A1359 would add 'deceptive audio or visual media' (deepfakes) to the State's invasion-of-privacy law, making it a third-degree crime, with a fine of up to $30,000, to disclose such intimate media of a person without consent, knowing one is not licensed or privileged to do so. It would add such media to the child sexual exploitation offenses and let the person depicted sue.
Updates certain crimes to include nonconsensual pornographic deepfake threats and disclosure.
New Jersey's S3303 would amend the invasion of privacy and criminal coercion laws to cover deepfakes. Knowingly reproducing, without license or privilege, an actual or deepfake image of another person's exposed intimate parts or sexual activity without consent would be a third-degree crime; disclosing such a deepfake image knowingly or with reckless disregard of license would be fourth degree with a fine of up to $30,000; threatening to disclose one would count as criminal coercion. Introduced February 2, 2026.
Restricts use of certain artificial intelligence generated communications in election campaigns.
New Jersey's A4741 would restrict AI-generated election campaign communications. Covered communications created or altered with AI could not be published within 90 days before an election, must carry the label 'Artificial intelligence was used in creating this message', and could not contain AI deceptive media portraying an opposing candidate as demonstrably false, fraudulent or defamatory. A violation would be a fourth-degree crime. Introduced March 19, 2026.
Requires notification of use of artificial intelligence system in certain communications with consumers.
New Jersey's S3668 would require a person or entity that deploys an AI system to communicate with a consumer through an online platform to tell the consumer, clearly and conspicuously, that an AI system is communicating and how to reach a human. A violation would be an unlawful practice under the Consumer Fraud Act. Introduced February 24, 2026.
Providing for artificial intelligence in facilities, for artificial intelligence use by insurers and for artificial intelligence use by MA or CHIP managed care plans; imposing duties on the Department of Health, the Insurance Department and the Department of Human Services; and imposing penalties.
Pennsylvania's SB 1113 (2025-26) would add rules for AI in health care facilities, AI use by insurers and AI use by MA or CHIP managed care plans, with duties for the departments of Health, Insurance and Human Services and penalties. The captured text covers the facilities chapter: patient disclosure, responsible-use rules and annual AI compliance statements filed with the Department of Health. It was referred to the Senate Institutional Sustainability & Innovation Committee on January 9, 2026.
Providing for safety regarding artificial intelligence in companionship applications; and imposing a penalty.
Pennsylvania's HB 2006 (2025-26), the AI Companion Safety Act (Printer's No. 3747), would bar an operator from providing an AI companion unless it implements and maintains protocols that refer users to crisis services and block content that assists or encourages suicide or violence, and would require nonhuman-status disclosures. The bill also imposes a penalty (the penalty text was not captured). It passed the House 133-70 on September 28, 2026.
Prohibits the provision of an artificial intelligence companion to a user unless such artificial intelligence companion contains a protocol for addressing possible suicidal ideation or self-harm expressed by a user, possible physical harm to others expressed by a user, and possible financial harm…
New York's A 6767 would add General Business Law Article 47 and make it unlawful for an operator to provide an AI companion unless it has a protocol for possible suicidal ideation or self-harm, physical harm to others, and financial harm to others expressed by a user, including a crisis-service referral. Operators would also have to tell users, at the start and at least every three hours, that the companion is not human. The Assembly passed it March 25, 2025, but it died in the Senate and was returned to the Assembly January 7, 2026, where it was ordered to third reading (Cal. 175); it has not passed again.
Protecting consumers in interactions with artificial intelligence systems
Massachusetts's H 97 would add Chapter 93M requiring developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems (those making or substantially influencing decisions on education, employment, finance, government services, health care, housing, insurance or legal services) to use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination, with documentation, risk programs, impact assessments and consumer notices, and requiring disclosure when consumers interact with AI. Reported favorably and referred to House Ways and Means December 24, 2025; it has not passed either house.
Regulate the use of pricing algorithms
Ohio's SB 79 would bar using or distributing a pricing algorithm that uses or was trained with nonpublic competitor data, presume an unlawful agreement in certain cases, and require businesses with $5 million or more in gross receipts to disclose algorithmic pricing, with disclosure violations treated as unfair or deceptive acts. Introduced February 4, 2025; referred to the Senate Financial Institutions, Insurance and Technology Committee February 12, 2025; it has not passed.
In preliminary provisions, providing for algorithmic pricing transparency and fairness; and imposing duties on the Office of Attorney General and Bureau of Consumer Protection.
Pennsylvania's HB 1779 would require a clear disclosure, 'THIS PRICE WAS SET BY AN ALGORITHM USING YOUR PERSONAL DATA.', on advertised personalized algorithmic prices, and bar using protected class data to set prices differently. The Attorney General could seek injunctions and courts could impose up to $1,000 per violation. Referred to the House Consumer Protection, Technology and Utilities Committee August 4, 2025; it has not passed.
Relating To Artificial Intelligence.
Hawaii's HB 1734 (2024) would have required campaign advertisements containing an image, video or audio created wholly or partly with generative AI to include a clear and conspicuous disclosure, with format rules by media type (printed box for images, at least three seconds for audio, at least four seconds for video). Violators would face a fine under HRS 11-410. It was referred to JHA and FIN on January 24, 2024 and died when the 2024 session ended.
Labor and Employment – Automated Employment Decision Tools – Prohibition
Maryland's SB 957 (2024) would have barred employers from using automated employment decision tools to screen applicants or decide terms of employment unless the tool passed a yearly impact assessment finding no high-risk action, and required employers to notify affected applicants within 30 days of use. Civil penalties would start at up to $500 per violation. A Senate Finance hearing was set for March 14, 2024; it went no further and died when the session ended.
Creates new provisions governing autonomous vehicles
Missouri's SB 1050 would let a person operate a fully autonomous vehicle on public roads without a human driver while the automated driving system is engaged, if the vehicle can reach a minimal risk condition after a system failure, can comply with state traffic laws, and carries any federally required certification label. Operators would have to show proof of insurance or self-insurance, and local governments could not ban or specially tax these vehicles. A Senate committee hearing was held January 27, 2026; the bill died when the 2026 regular session ended in May 2026 without being truly agreed to and finally passed.
Election Law - Campaign Materials - Disclosure of Use of Synthetic Media
Maryland's HB 740 (2025) would have required candidates, campaign finance entities, certain registrants and their agents to include a disclosure when they distribute campaign material made with or containing synthetic media (an image, audio or video intentionally manipulated with generative AI or other digital technology to create a realistic but false depiction of a real individual's appearance, speech or conduct) to anyone in Maryland. Violations would have been a misdemeanor (fine up to $1,000, up to 1 year, or both). A hearing was set for February 11, 2025; it went no further and died when the session ended.
Establishes "Fair Price Protection Act."
New Jersey's Fair Price Protection Act (S 3612) was substituted on June 30, 2026 by A 4085 (Assembly committee substitute for A 4085 and A 4523, third reprint), which became P.L.2026, c.55 on July 23, 2026. It makes surveillance pricing of groceries and other foodstuffs, meaning pricing set in whole or part by an algorithm or automated system using personal data, an unlawful practice under the Consumer Fraud Act, with exceptions. It also sets a one-year moratorium on new electronic shelf labels. Effective August 1, 2027 (first day of the 13th month after enactment); the moratorium section takes effect February 1, 2027.
Relating To Insurance.
Hawaii's SB 2953 (2026) would have set rules for insurers' use of AI: a written AI governance program, testing and monitoring, clinician review of AI-supported adverse health determinations, and limits on adverse residential property underwriting actions based solely on aerial images or AI outputs. The Insurance Commissioner would have enforced it. It was referred to CPN/LBT and WAM on January 30, 2026 and was not enacted.
AI USE IN HEALTH INSURANCE ACT
Illinois's HB 35 (engrossed, with House Floor Amendment 1) would create the Artificial Intelligence Systems Use in Health Insurance Act. A health insurance issuer could not issue an adverse consumer outcome denying, reducing or terminating coverage or benefits that results solely from an AI system or predictive model, and denials, reductions or terminations resulting from AI would need meaningful review by a person able to override the AI. The Department of Insurance could review issuers' AI use. Passed the House 79-35 on April 9, 2025; re-referred to Senate Assignments June 2, 2025.
Warehouse employers; required disclosures and recordkeeping, civil penalties.
Virginia's HB 1451 (Labor and Commerce Committee substitute) would require employers of 500 or more employees at warehouse distribution centers to give nonexempt employees written descriptions of each quota, related incentives and potential adverse action, and to state if an automated or algorithmic management system monitors performance against a quota. Employers would keep work-speed records and could not retaliate; adverse action within 90 days would be presumed retaliatory. Continued to 2027 in House Labor and Commerce on February 10, 2026; not passed.
Synthetic digital representations and providing a penalty.
Wisconsin's AB 855 (2025-26) would have created s. 942.085 making it a Class A misdemeanor to create and post, publish, distribute or exhibit a "synthetic digital representation" of an individual with intent to coerce, harass or intimidate, and a Class I felony to do so with intent to defraud, coerce or intimidate for monetary gain. Introduced January 16, 2026, it failed to pass pursuant to Senate Joint Resolution 1 on March 23, 2026.
Providing for consumer protection and for artificial intelligence and chatbots; imposing duties on the Bureau of Consumer Protection in the Office of Attorney General; and imposing penalties.
Pennsylvania's HB 2175 (Printer's No. 2831) would add Chapter 71 to Title 12 on AI chatbots that use generative AI to converse with consumers and are represented as helping manage a situation or treat a condition, including mental health. Suppliers could not sell or share health information or consumer input except as allowed, could not advertise in chatbot conversations, and would have to adopt, file and follow a written disclosure policy. Fines up to $2,500 per violation. Introduced January 30, 2026; re-referred to Consumer Protection, Technology & Utilities March 19, 2026; not passed.
Eavesdropping, Peeping, and Voyeurism
South Carolina's H 3042 would amend Section 16-17-470 on eavesdropping, peeping and voyeurism. It would add voyeurism by creating, with generative adversarial network techniques or other digital technology, a realistic but false image, audio or video of another person for sexual gratification, and cover selling or distributing such material. It also raises penalties. Introduced January 14, 2025 and referred to the House Judiciary Committee; it has not passed either chamber.
Artificial Intelligence
Not law: died in subcommittee. Florida's HB 1395 (2026) would have created an "Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights" (new part IX of ch. 501): parental consent and controls for minors on companion chatbot platforms, an hourly not-human pop-up for bots, a ban on selling users' personal information unless deidentified, and consent for commercial use of generative-AI likenesses. It would also have barred government AI contracts with foreign-country-of-concern entities. It died on March 13, 2026.
Certain online platforms requirement to provide information pertaining to algorithm use
Minnesota's SF 4380 would have required online platforms doing business in Minnesota that use personal-data-based algorithmic recommender systems to publicly disclose each system's inputs and weights (grouped in quartiles), default to maximizing users' long-term value, give users controls over recommended and blocked item types, and keep a holdout group with an annual public disclosure and independent audit. Violations would have been an unfair and deceptive practice, with the attorney general able to enforce and users able to recover $5,000 per violation. It was introduced March 11, 2026 and never left committee.
Artificial intelligence; requiring certain disclosure for certain media. Effective date.
Oklahoma's SB 746 (2025), by Sen. Seifried, would have required political advertisements, electioneering communications and other candidate or election media from a candidate, candidate committee, PAC or party committee to carry the disclosure "Created in whole or in part with the use of generative artificial intelligence" when generative AI content appears to show a real person doing something that did not occur. A depicted candidate could have sued. The bill was referred to the Technology and Telecommunications Committee February 4, 2025 and died when the session ended in 2026 (adjourned May 14, 2026).
Use of artificial intelligence-based tools; covered artificial intelligence, disclosure of use.
Virginia's HB 1294 (2026 Regular Session) would amend Code 19.2-11.14 to require police reports to disclose any use of covered artificial intelligence in a criminal investigation, and to require that AI-assisted report drafts be retained. Continued to 2027 in the House Communications, Technology and Innovation Committee on February 2, 2026.
An Act to prohibit the use of a deepfake to influence an election and to provide a penalty therefor.
South Dakota's 2025 SB 164 targets election deepfakes. A deepfake is an image, audio or video created or manipulated with AI or other digital technology so realistic that a reasonable person would believe it shows a real person's speech or conduct that did not happen. Disseminating one, or contracting to, with intent to injure a candidate within 90 days of an election, without the disclosure "This (image/video/audio) has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence," is a Class 1 misdemeanor. The AG, candidates and depicted people can sue. The act states no effective date.
Political campaign advertisements; synthetic media, penalty.
Virginia's SB 141 (2026 Regular Session) would have required electioneering communications with synthetic media to carry a conspicuous statement, with a civil penalty up to $25,000 and a Class 1 misdemeanor for willful violations. It passed the Senate 34-4; the House substituted different text, and the bill failed in conference on March 14, 2026.
Relating To Elections.
Hawaii's HB 1766 (2024, H.D. 1) would have barred distributing, within ninety days before a primary or general election, an advertisement containing a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of a candidate that the person knew or should have known was one, unless it carries a 'has been manipulated' disclosure. It passed the House March 5, 2024, was referred to Senate JDC March 7 and died when the 2024 session ended. The text set a July 1, 3000 effective date.
AI PRINCIPLES
Illinois's HB 3529 (104th General Assembly) would create the Illinois High-Impact AI Governance Principles and Disclosure Act. The Department of Innovation and Technology would adopt rules to make businesses using AI systems comply with 5 principles of AI governance and publish a report on their websites. It would apply to businesses with 10 or more employees. Re-referred to Rules March 21, 2025.
ALGORITHMIC PRICING DISCLOSURE
Illinois's HB 5323 (104th General Assembly) would require an entity that sets prices with personalized algorithmic pricing (dynamic pricing set by an algorithm using personal data) and advertises or offers it using the consumer's personal data to include the disclosure 'THIS PRICE WAS SET BY AN ALGORITHM USING YOUR PERSONAL DATA'. A violation would be an unlawful practice under the Consumer Fraud Act. Re-referred to the House Rules Committee March 27, 2026.
TRANSPARENCY IN DOWNCODING ACT
Illinois's HB 4735 (104th General Assembly) would create the Transparency in Downcoding Act for certain health insurance policies. A health insurance issuer could not use an automated process, system or tool to downcode a claim, or downcode based solely on reported diagnosis codes, and downcoding decisions would have to be made by a licensed physician. Re-referred to the House Rules Committee March 27, 2026.
Autonomous Vehicle Testing
Illinois's HB 2974 (104th General Assembly) would create the Illinois Autonomous Vehicle Testing Program Act. The Department of Transportation would lead a program for testing connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), with a State registration system for entities that want to run pilots or tests, and could suspend an entity's participation if there is clear evidence its technology is unsafe for public-road testing or violates program requirements. Referred to the House Rules Committee on February 6, 2025; it has not advanced since.
AI Provenance Data Act
Illinois's SB 3263 (104th General Assembly) would create the Artificial Intelligence Provenance Data Act. Covered AI tool providers (over 1,000,000 monthly visitors worldwide or users on average, publicly accessible in Illinois, generating or editing audio, video or image content) would have to offer a free provenance label reading tool and include a provenance label in content their AI creates. Re-referred to Senate Assignments on May 22, 2026.
Digital Content Authenticity and Transparency Act; established, civil penalty.
Virginia's HB 2121 (2025 Regular Session) would have created the Digital Content Authenticity and Transparency Act, requiring generative AI developers to apply provenance data to synthetic content and offer a public provenance tool and reader, with Attorney General enforcement and civil penalties. Left in committee on February 4, 2025; it failed.
Elec CD-AI Advert Disclosure
Illinois's SB 2996 (104th General Assembly) would amend the Election Code so that a qualified political advertisement generated in whole or substantially by AI must carry a clear and conspicuous statement saying so. It would provide exemptions and civil penalties, injunctive relief, attorney's fees and costs. Re-referred to Senate Assignments on May 22, 2026, with Senate Committee Amendment No. 1.
PROVENANCE DATA REQUIREMENTS
Illinois's HB 4711 (104th General Assembly) would create the Provenance Data Requirements Act. A generative AI tool provider would have to apply provenance data, directly or through third-party technology, to wholly-generated synthetic content its tool produces, and the bill would set additional requirements for large online platforms (1,000,000 or more unique monthly users) and capture device manufacturers. Re-referred to the House Rules Committee March 27, 2026.
Synthetic media; expands applicability of provisions related to defamation, etc., penalty.
Virginia's SB 571 (2024 Regular Session) would have extended defamation, slander and libel provisions to synthetic media and made it a Class 1 misdemeanor to generate, create or use deceptive audio or visual media to commit a fraud offense, with a rebuttable presumption, a civil action for the person depicted and an Attorney General work group. Continued to 2025 in committee on February 12, 2024; it failed.
PROVENANCE DATA REQUIREMENTS
Illinois's SB 1929 (104th General Assembly) would create the Provenance Data Requirements Act. A generative AI tool provider would have to apply provenance data, directly or through third-party technology, to wholly generated synthetic content from its tool, and the bill would set further requirements for generative AI tool providers, large online platforms and capture device manufacturers. Last action: re-referred to Assignments April 11, 2025.
CONSUMER DATA PRIVACY ACT
Illinois's SB 3548 (104th General Assembly) would create the Consumer Data Privacy Act, giving consumers rights to confirm whether personal data is processed, correct and delete it, obtain a copy, and opt out of targeted advertising, data sales or profiling. It would apply to persons controlling or processing data of at least 100,000 consumers, with Attorney General enforcement. Last action: re-referred to Assignments May 22, 2026.
An Act enhancing disclosure requirements for synthetic media in political advertising
Massachusetts' H 5094, as reported by House Ways and Means, would require paid audio or video political communications that contain AI-generated synthetic media to say "contains content generated by AI" at the beginning and end and to carry an AI-generated label throughout each synthetic portion. A violation would be punished by a fine of up to $1,000. The House adopted Amendment 4 (not reviewed here) and passed the bill to be engrossed 157-0 on February 11, 2026. The Senate referred it to Senate Ways and Means on February 12, 2026; it is not law.
Regards AI images, simulated child porn, replica identity fraud
Ohio's Sub. SB 163 passed the Senate on May 20, 2026 and was referred to the House Technology and Innovation Committee on May 27, 2026. As passed by the Senate it would require generative AI systems to put a visible watermark on generated images and video, require covered providers to include provenance data, bar knowingly removing a watermark or distributing AI content with false statements about its authenticity with intent to deceive, extend child sexual material offenses to artificially generated depictions of a minor, and address identity fraud using a replica of a person.
PRIVACY RIGHTS ACT
Illinois' SB 52 is a general consumer privacy bill. As introduced, the Privacy Rights Act would give consumers rights over their personal information and create a Privacy Protection Agency. Its AI-related parts are narrow: it defines profiling as automated processing of personal information, and directs the Attorney General to adopt rules on access and opt-out rights for automated decision-making technology and on risk assessments. Introduced January 13, 2025; re-referred to Assignments April 11, 2025 and still pending.
Requires disclosure to be made when generative artificial intelligence is used to operate chatbots that provide election related information.
New Jersey's A4729 would require a chatbot that uses generative AI to provide election-related information or information on a candidate's accomplishments, positions or qualifications to give a clear, conspicuous disclosure, before the content, that it is AI-generated. The person overseeing the chatbot would be liable for up to $6,000 for a first offense and up to $12,000 for each later one. This describes the bill as introduced March 10, 2026; later committee amendments, if any, are not reflected.
Relating to disclosures and penalties associated with use of synthetic media and artificial intelligence
West Virginia's SB 484 (2025 regular session, committee substitute) would have added W. Va. Code 3-8-12a barring anyone from distributing, or agreeing to distribute, AI-manipulated synthetic media of a person within 90 days before an election, knowing it is false, without consent and intending to injure a candidate or influence the result, unless it carries a clear disclaimer. It would be a misdemeanor with a fine up to $1,000 per violation, plus civil actions. It passed no chamber: it was laid over on first reading and referred to Rules on March 4, 2025.
Relating To Artificial Intelligence.
Hawaii's SB 3001 (Artificial Intelligence Disclosure and Safety Act) regulates AI companions, AI built to simulate a sustained human-like relationship. Operators must disclose it is AI if a reasonable person would think it human, adopt a suicide/self-harm crisis-referral protocol and not program it to claim to give professional mental or behavioral health care. For known or reasonably certain minors they must flag AI use, avoid unpredictable engagement rewards, guard against sexual content and offer screen-time tools. Annual Department of Health reports begin January 1, 2028. Violations are unfair or deceptive acts (HRS § 480-2); no private right of action. Act 248; effective July 14, 2026.
Artificial Intelligence Amendments
Utah's SB 149 created the Artificial Intelligence Policy Act: an Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy in the Department of Commerce and an AI Learning Laboratory in which the office may grant temporary regulatory mitigation agreements. It also made generative AI no defense to consumer-protection violations and required generative AI disclosures, which SB 226 replaced on May 7, 2025. The Act was set to be repealed May 1, 2025; SB 332 and SB 226 moved that to July 1, 2027, and HB 320 revised the lab from May 6, 2026. Signed March 13, 2024; effective May 1, 2024.
Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protection Amendments
Utah's SB 226 replaces the 2024 generative AI disclosure rules with Utah Code Title 13, Chapter 75. A supplier using generative AI with an individual in a consumer transaction must disclose it is AI, not a human, if the individual clearly asks. Regulated professionals must prominently disclose generative AI at the start of high-risk interactions (collecting health, financial or biometric data, or personalized financial, legal, medical or mental health advice). AI that discloses itself at the outset and throughout gets a safe harbor. Fines up to $2,500 per violation. Signed March 27, 2025; effective May 7, 2025.
Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy Amendments
Utah's HB 320 revises the existing Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy and its AI Learning Laboratory (Title 13, Chapter 72). Besides regulatory mitigation agreements, which let a participant use AI despite a law or rule that might impede it, the office may sign joint interpretation agreements clarifying how a state law or rule applies to an AI technology. Agreements must set consumer disclosures and audit reporting; the office must audit participants regularly and may end an agreement at any time. Terms run up to 12 months with up to two extensions. Signed March 18, 2026; effective May 6, 2026.
STATE GOVT-GENERAL MANDATES
Illinois' Public Act 103-0101 (HB 3902), the Drones as First Responders Act, amends the Freedom from Drone Surveillance Act to let police use drones for search and rescue, infrastructure inspections, demonstrations, dispatched emergency calls and some government-hosted events. Police may not use onboard facial recognition in flight and may run drone data through facial recognition only to counter a terrorist risk found by the Homeland Security Secretary or on reasonable suspicion that swift action is needed to prevent imminent harm, escape or evidence destruction. Drones may not be armed. It revises data retention and adds Attorney General enforcement. Approved and effective June 16, 2023.
Relating To Privacy.
Hawaii's SB 309 (Act 59 of 2021) adds sexual deep fakes to the felony of violation of privacy in the first degree (HRS § 711-1110.9). A person commits it by intentionally creating, disclosing or threatening to disclose an image or video of a composite fictitious person shown nude or engaged in sexual conduct that includes a known person's recognizable physical characteristics, so it appears to depict that person, with intent to substantially harm them or as revenge or retribution. The public-nudity and commercial-transaction exemptions do not apply to it. It is a class C felony. Became Act 59 June 23, 2021; effective on approval.
Criminalize disclosure of certain explicit AI-generated media
Montana's SB 413 (Chapter 606, 2025) creates the crime of disclosing explicit synthetic media (sexual deepfakes): knowingly or purposely disclosing it when the person knows or should know the identifiable person shown did not consent and would suffer substantial emotional distress; disclosing it to terrify, intimidate, threaten, harass or injure that person; or threatening disclosure to obtain money or other valuable consideration. Penalties: up to $1,000 and 1 year in jail; repeat convictions up to $10,000 and 5 years; up to $10,000 and 10 years if the person shown is under 18. Signed and effective May 13, 2025.
AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-7-112 and Title 55, Chapter 50, relative to licenses.
Tennessee's HB 1316 (Public Chapter 297) renames the electronic driver license system the digital driver license system and limits its data use. A vendor providing the license app may not capture or retain biometric identifiers (retina or iris scans, fingerprints, voiceprints, hand or face geometry) except a photograph used solely to compare with the license photo on file, and neither the vendor nor the Department of Safety may collect geolocation data. Data from using a digital license may be kept no more than three days and not sold. Digital licenses cannot be used as voter ID. Signed April 24, 2025 (Public Chapter 297); effective on signing.
PUBLICITY ACT-USE OF AI
Illinois' Public Act 103-0836 (HB 4875) amends the Right of Publicity Act. A person may not knowingly distribute, transmit or make available to the general public a sound recording or audiovisual work with actual knowledge that it contains an unauthorized digital replica: an imitation of a real person's voice, image or likeness made with AI or other technology and used without consent. Facilitators with actual knowledge may also be liable, subject to a notice-and-takedown safe harbor for hosts and cloud providers. Artists' exclusive labels and exclusive distribution licensees may also enforce. News, commentary and parody uses are exempt. Approved August 9, 2024; effective January 1, 2025.
AI USE IN GOVT CONTRACTS
Illinois's HB 5099 (103rd General Assembly) would have added Section 50-41 to the Illinois Procurement Code. A vendor contracting for government services, grants, or leases or purchases of software or hardware would have to disclose whether AI technology is, has been, or will be used in fulfilling the contract or in the goods or services purchased. It was not passed before the 103rd General Assembly ended (Session Sine Die, January 7, 2025).
Campaign finance: other; artificial intelligence; define. Amends sec. 2 of 1976 PA 388 (MCL 169.202). TIE BAR WITH: HB 5141'23
Michigan's HB 5143 (Public Act 264 of 2023) adds a definition of 'artificial intelligence' to the Michigan Campaign Finance Act (MCL 169.202): a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations or decisions influencing real or virtual environments, using machine and human-based inputs to perceive environments, abstract them into models through automated analysis, and use model inference to formulate options. It is tie-barred to HB 5141 (Public Act 263), the AI political-ad disclosure law. Approved November 30, 2023; effective February 13, 2024.
Election communications; deepfakes; prohibition
Arizona's SB 1359 adds A.R.S. § 16-1023. Within 90 days before an election in which a candidate is on the ballot, a creator may not create and distribute synthetic media that the person knows is a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of that candidate unless it includes a clear and conspicuous disclosure conveying to a reasonable person that the media includes content generated by artificial intelligence. A person who fails to disclose is liable for the civil penalty in § 16-937(B) for each day the deepfake is distributed. Satire, parody and interactive computer services are exempt. Signed May 29, 2024 (Chapter 199).
Provenance of Digital Content
Not law: died in committee. The committee substitute for Florida's SB 702 would have required online content purporting to feature an electoral candidate to carry provenance data if made with generative AI, and required generative AI providers to apply provenance data to content wholly generated by their tools and offer public detection tools and a free provenance reader. Social media platforms would have retained and shown provenance data, capture devices sold in Florida would have needed an option to record it, and violations would have been unfair or deceptive acts under s. 501.204 enforced by the Attorney General after a 30-day cure period. Died in Ethics and Elections June 16, 2025.
Real estate: digitally altered images: disclosure.
California's AB 723 (Bus. & Prof. Code § 10140.8) requires real estate brokers and salespersons, and people acting for them, who use a digitally altered image in advertising or promotional material for selling real property to include a reasonably conspicuous statement on or next to the image that it was altered, with a link, URL or QR code to the original. Postings on websites they control must include the unaltered images or a link to them. Altered means edited with photo software or AI to add, remove or change elements; routine lighting, color, cropping and similar adjustments are excluded. Signed October 10, 2025 (Chapter 497); effective January 1, 2026.
False advertising: synthetic performers.
California's SB 1050 (Bus. & Prof. Code § 17610) makes it unlawful to create and cause to be published an ad that prominently includes a synthetic performer without a clear and conspicuous disclosure, worded like "this performance features a synthetic performer" or "no human performer is depicted." A synthetic performer is a generative-AI figure or voice that realistically appears to be a human performer but is not any identifiable person. Ads for expressive works and translation or accessibility uses are exempt. Ad outlets served with a court order must pull a violating ad. Signed September 16, 2026 (Chapter 246); effective January 1, 2027.
relative to the regulation of artificial intelligence technologies.
New Hampshire's HB 1725 (2026) would have created RSA chapter 359-V, "Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance": a 7-member AI council, AI interaction disclosures, bans on AI developed with intent to unlawfully discriminate or for social scoring, limits on government biometric identification, a regulatory sandbox, and attorney general enforcement with civil penalties. The House voted it Inexpedient to Legislate on February 19, 2026, and it died.
Urges generative artificial intelligence companies to make voluntary commitments regarding employee whistleblower protections.
New Jersey Assembly Resolution 158 urges generative AI companies to commit to principles that protect employees who raise risk-related concerns: no non-disparagement agreements over such concerns or retaliation through vested economic benefits, a verifiably anonymous process to reach the board, regulators and an independent organization, no retaliation for public disclosure after other processes fail, and legal and technical safe harbor for good-faith safety evaluation. The Assembly adopted it 74-0 on January 30, 2025. It is a resolution of one chamber that does not change the law.
Relating to the crime of corrupt political advertising; regulating the use; of generative artificial intelligence; requiring disclosure that an image or speech has been manipulated ; making it a crime to create false representations of candidates in campaign media or of state officials; providing…
Not law. Kansas HB 2559, as amended by the House Elections Committee, would have barred using synthetic media (realistic but false media intentionally manipulated with generative AI) to alter a candidate's appearance, action or speech in election campaign communications and a state official's in any communication. Violations would have been class C misdemeanors, with an affirmative defense if the communication states 'This (image/video/audio) has been manipulated.' Liability for disclosures would have rested solely with the advertiser, not broadcasters or media platforms. The committee recommended it as amended February 12, 2024; it was stricken from the House calendar February 23, 2024.
A bill for an act relating to the publication of electioneering communications containing synthetic media, and providing penalties.
Iowa's SF 2166 would prohibit knowingly or recklessly publishing an electioneering communication containing AI-manipulated synthetic media within 90 days of an election unless it carries a required AI disclaimer. Civil penalties are up to $1,000 for a first offense and $5,000 for later ones; knowing violation with intent to defraud is a serious misdemeanor. Referred to Senate State Government January 29, 2026; subcommittee named February 3, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
"New Jersey Disclosure and Accountability Transparency Act (NJ DaTA)"; establishes certain requirements for disclosure and processing of personally identifiable information; establishes Office of Data Protection and Responsible Use in Division of Consumer Affairs.
New Jersey's A1360 would create the New Jersey Disclosure and Accountability Transparency Act (NJ DaTA). Controllers could process personally identifiable information only on a listed basis, such as the consumer's affirmative opt-in consent, and consumers would get disclosure, correction, erasure, objection and automated-decision rights. A violation would be an unlawful practice under the Consumer Fraud Act, and an Office of Data Protection and Responsible Use would be created in the Division of Consumer Affairs. Pre-filed for introduction in the 2026 session.
Prohibits and imposes criminal penalty on disclosure of certain intentionally deceptive audio or visual media within 90 days of election.
New Jersey's A3585 would make it a fourth-degree crime to knowingly or recklessly disclose, or to solicit, intentionally deceptive audio or visual media (deepfakes) within 90 days of an election with intent to deceive a voter with false information; a repeat offense would be third-degree. Voters and depicted candidates could sue, and media carrying a prescribed disclaimer would be excepted.
Political campaign advertisements; synthetic media, penalty.
Virginia's HB 868 (2026 Regular Session) would bar electioneering communications containing synthetic media from being published or broadcast without a conspicuous statement that the message contains synthetic media that may present conduct or speech that did not occur. A violation would carry a civil penalty up to $25,000 and a willful violation a Class 1 misdemeanor. Continued to 2027 in committee on February 6, 2026.
Establishes age verification measures for companion chatbots
Not law. The committee version of HB 2032, the GUARD Act, would have made it unlawful in Missouri to design or offer a companion chatbot knowing or recklessly disregarding that it risks soliciting minors into sexually explicit conduct, or that it encourages suicide, self-injury or violence (fines up to $100,000 per offense). Operators would have had to require accounts, verify every user's age, freeze existing accounts until verified and bar minors from companion chatbots, with AI disclosures and Attorney General enforcement. A House committee voted 9-3 for it (reported April 2, 2026), but it never got a floor vote before the May 15, 2026 deadline for passing bills.
Mississippi Consumer Privacy Protection Act; create.
Mississippi's HB 1051 (2026) would have created the Mississippi Consumer Privacy Protection Act for businesses with over $25 million in revenue that handle personal information of 175,000+ consumers (or 25,000+ with over half of revenue from selling data). Consumers could opt out of profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. It was referred to House Judiciary A on January 16, 2026 and died in committee on February 3, 2026.
Elections: deceptive media in advertisements.
California's AB 2839 (Elections Code 20012) bars knowingly distributing, with malice, an ad or election communication with materially deceptive content about candidates, elected or elections officials, or election equipment, from 120 days before an election (through 60 days after for elections officials and equipment). Signed September 17, 2024 (Chapter 262) as an urgency statute. In Kohls v. Bonta (E.D. Cal.), the court preliminarily enjoined enforcement on October 2, 2024 (except the audio-only disclosure part) and on August 29, 2025 held it unconstitutional and permanently enjoined the Attorney General and Secretary of State from enforcing it against the named plaintiffs.
Requiring a disclosure of deceptive artificial intelligence usage in political advertising.
New Hampshire's HB 1596 adds RSA 664:14-c. Within 90 days of an election, no person or entity may distribute a message created with AI or generative AI that it knows or should have known is a deepfake of a candidate, election official or party on the ballot, unless the media carries the required AI disclosure. Candidates and election officials may seek an injunction or damages. Signed August 2, 2024 (Chapter 345); effective August 1, 2024.
Prohibits the use of surveillance pricing
New York's A 9349-B would amend General Business Law section 349-a to prohibit surveillance pricing, meaning prices set in whole or part by an algorithm using personal data to offer different prices to different customers for the same goods or services. It would replace the current disclosure requirement with a ban, and bar using personal data to enable it. The Assembly passed it June 4, 2026; the Senate substituted it for S 8623-B and passed it June 4, 2026; as of October 8, 2026 the records show no delivery to or action by the Governor.
Preventing Algorithmic Collusion Act of 2025
The federal S 232 (Preventing Algorithmic Collusion Act of 2025) would make it unlawful to use or distribute a pricing algorithm that uses or was trained with nonpublic competitor data, with federal civil penalties. It would also require audit reports on request and disclosures of algorithmic pricing by companies with $5 million or more in revenue. Read twice and referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee January 23, 2025; it has not passed either house.
California Digital Content Provenance Standards.
California's AB 3211 (Wicks), the California Digital Content Provenance Standards, would require generative AI providers to apply hard-to-remove provenance data to synthetic content and offer a detection tool, recording devices to offer provenance options, and large online platforms to label provenance, with duties operative July 1, 2026. Passed the Assembly 62-0 on May 22, 2024; ordered to the Senate inactive file August 31, 2024; died on that file November 30, 2024.
An Act Concerning Artificial Intelligence.
Connecticut's SB 2, as passed by the Senate (File 603 as amended by Senate Amendments A and B, as described in the OLR bill analysis), would require anyone doing business in the state to tell consumers when they interact with an AI system, and deployers of high-risk AI systems used in consequential decisions to give notices, explain adverse decisions and allow correction and appeal, beginning October 1, 2026, with attorney general enforcement. It would also create AI studies, an AI Academy and a synthetic intimate image crime. Passed the Senate May 14, 2025; tabled on the House calendar May 16, 2025; it did not pass the House.
AN ACT relating to violations of privacy.
Kentucky's SB 180 would make it unlawful, without a court-approved warrant, for state and local agencies to obtain or use facial recognition technology or information derived from it, and would set consent, retention and disclosure rules for private entities holding biometric identifiers. Violations could be enforced by private suits or the Attorney General, and facial-recognition evidence would be inadmissible in Kentucky proceedings. Introduced February 6, 2024; sent to the Senate Judiciary Committee February 8, 2024. It died when the 2024 session ended.
AN ACT relating to data privacy.
Kentucky's HB 633, the Kentucky Kid's Code, would add duties to the Consumer Data Protection Act for large online services used by minors: highest-privacy defaults, controls over algorithmic feeds, limits on algorithmic recommendations linking adults and minors, and bans on profiling, targeted ads, dark patterns and certain push notifications. Introduced February 12, 2026; sent to the House Small Business & Information Technology Committee February 20, 2026. It died when the 2026 session ended without passing.
Algorithmic pricing of essential consumer goods, granting rule-making authority, and providing a penalty.
Wisconsin's AB 1190 would restrict grocery retailers' use of personalized algorithmic pricing on essential consumer goods: required disclosure on each such price, no electronic display of those prices in grocery stores of 15,000+ square feet, no pricing that varies by protected traits, and no buying consumer data from data brokers for pricing. Introduced March 19, 2026 and referred to the Assembly Committee on Consumer Protection; failed to pass pursuant to Senate Joint Resolution 1 on March 23, 2026, so it did not pass.
Virginia Fair Housing Law, et al.; personalized algorithmic pricing disclosures, prohibitions.
Virginia's SB 585 as introduced would require disclosure of personalized algorithmic pricing by residential property owners, landlords and multiple listing services, ban using protected class data to set housing prices, and bar landlords from using coordinating algorithmic software to set rents or facilitate agreements not to compete. Prefiled January 14, 2026; the Senate General Laws and Technology Committee passed it by indefinitely (15-0) February 4, 2026, so it did not pass.
Stop AI Price Gouging and Wage Fixing Act of 2025
The federal H.R. 4640, the Stop AI Price Gouging and Wage Fixing Act of 2025, would bar a person from surveillance-based price setting (using an automated decision system to set a customized price from surveillance data) and from surveillance-based wage setting, with limited exceptions, and would require data-accuracy, correction and disclosure procedures to be published 180 days before relying on a price exception or using a wage-setting system. The FTC, state attorneys general and, for wages, the EEOC could enforce it; private suits would seek the greater of actual damages or $3,000 per violation. Introduced July 23, 2025; it remains in committee and has not passed either chamber.
SAFE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ACT
Illinois's HB 2747 (100th General Assembly, 2017-2018) would have created the Safe Autonomous Vehicle (SAVE) Act. A motor vehicle manufacturer could start a SAVE project after notifying the Department of Motor Vehicles and self-certifying that its automated driving system (ADS) fleet meets listed conditions. The manufacturer would insure the fleet and assume liability where the ADS is at fault. Operating an ADS vehicle without meeting the requirements would draw a $10,000 fine, and a second violation would be a Class A misdemeanor. The bill did not pass before the 100th General Assembly ended in January 2019.
Deepfake recordings or images
Vetoed. Arizona's SB 1336 (2024) would have added A.R.S. § 13-3508, making it a crime to intentionally disseminate a deepfake recording or image that realistically depicts an identifiable person's intimate parts (real or generated by synthetic media) or the person engaging in a sexual act, when the person who created and disseminated it knew or reasonably should have known the person did not consent. It would have been a class 6 felony, or a class 4 felony in cases such as posting it online, intent to profit or harass, or a prior conviction. The Governor vetoed it May 29, 2024, calling it duplicative of SB 1078.
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ACT
Illinois's SB 1432 (100th General Assembly), as introduced, would have created the Safe Autonomous Vehicle (SAVE) Act, letting a motor vehicle manufacturer start a safe autonomous vehicle project with automated driving system vehicles after notifying the Department of Motor Vehicles and self-certifying. Senate Committee Amendment No. 1, adopted in committee, replaced it with an Autonomous Vehicle Act. The bill was not passed before the 100th General Assembly ended (Session Sine Die, January 9, 2019).
Synthetic digital representations and providing a penalty.
Wisconsin's SB 815 would have created s. 942.085, making it a Class A misdemeanor to create and post, publish, distribute or exhibit a deepfake (a synthetic digital representation of an individual's recognizable face, voice or likeness that looks authentic and was made without consent) with intent to coerce, harass or intimidate, and a Class I felony if done with intent to defraud, coerce or intimidate for monetary gain. Introduced January 14, 2026 and referred to committee; it failed to pass March 23, 2026.
RISE Act of 2025 Responsible Innovation and Safe Expertise Act of 2025
The RISE Act would shield AI developers from civil liability for errors made by their AI products when licensed or certified professionals use them to serve clients, if the developer publishes a model card and its model specification (including system prompts) before deployment and gives professionals clear documentation of known limitations, failure modes and appropriate uses. The shield would not cover recklessness or willful misconduct, would be lost if disclosures are not updated within 30 days of a new version or newly found failure mode, and would preempt covered state-law claims except those for fraud, knowing misrepresentation or non-professional use. Introduced June 12, 2025.
Informing users when content is developed or modified by artificial intelligence.
Washington's AI content provenance law (Chapter 167, Laws of 2026, effective February 1, 2027). Providers of generative AI systems with more than 1,000,000 monthly users that are publicly available in Washington must, where commercially and technically reasonable, embed provenance data in images, video and audio their systems create or materially alter, made hard to remove; a common standard such as C2PA complies. Business-to-business uses, video game experiences and upscaling or compression tools are excluded. Only the Attorney General enforces it, under the Consumer Protection Act. Separately, government agencies must tell consumers when they are interacting with an AI system.
Relative to prohibiting the unlawful distribution of misleading synthetic media.
New Hampshire's HB 1500-FN would have made it a class A misdemeanor to purposely distribute synthetic media (media created or modified with artificial intelligence algorithms) of an identifiable person without consent and without a conspicuous synthetic-media notice, intending to mislead others. An election-related offense would have covered the 90 days before an election. Referred for interim study March 14, 2024; the October 31, 2024 report was Not Recommended for Future Legislation, so it is dead.
Surveillance-based price setting prohibited.
Not law. Minnesota's HF 3408 would have added Minn. Stat. 325D.141 barring retail food stores from surveillance-based price setting, meaning customized prices based on personal information gathered through electronic surveillance technology such as cameras, device tracking, biometrics and facial recognition. Stores using facial recognition would post entrance signage, and larger stores' electronic shelf labels could change prices only once a day. It never left committee.
Artificial intelligence safety and disclosure requirements established, and civil remedies provided.
Minnesota's HF 4532, the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Safety and Education (RAISE) Act, would require developers (anyone who has trained at least one AI model) to adopt, publish and send to the attorney general a safety and security protocol before deploying a model, report safety incidents within 72 hours, and not deploy a model that creates an unreasonable risk of critical harm. Introduced and referred to Commerce Finance and Policy March 23, 2026; it died when the 2026 session adjourned.
Disclosure of artificial intelligence use in health care.
Indiana's HB 1620 would have required a health care provider that uses AI technology to make or inform any decision in a patient's care, or to generate any part of a communication to the patient (including through a chat bot), to disclose that use to the patient. An insurer providing accident and sickness coverage would have had the same duty toward an insured. Introduced January 21, 2025 and referred to the House Committee on Public Health; the Indiana General Assembly's record marks it dead.
Prohibit surveillance-based price setting
Minnesota's SF 4199 would have prohibited retail food stores from surveillance-based price setting, meaning customized prices based on personal information gathered through electronic surveillance such as cameras, sensors, biometric data or facial recognition. It would also have required facial recognition signage and limited electronic shelf label price changes. Introduced March 9, 2026 and never left committee.
Prohibiting surveillance-based price discrimination and surge pricing for retail goods.
Washington's HB 2481, the fair pricing and transparency act (2026 session), would have barred non-small businesses selling grocery products from surveillance-based price discrimination (prices set from monitoring or automated analysis of a consumer's personal data) and from surge pricing based on real-time or predicted demand; 'algorithm' is defined to include AI. It would also have barred electronic shelf labels in stores of 15,000 square feet or more until January 1, 2030; violations would be Consumer Protection Act violations. It was heard in House Appropriations on February 5, 2026 and died at adjournment.
Relating To Journalism.
Hawaii's SB 1618 (2025) would have created a journalistic code of ethics for news media outlets, administered by a Journalistic Ethics Commission within DCCA. Journalists, editors and outlets would have to prominently label AI-generated or AI-manipulated content and not use an AI tool to impersonate an individual or misrepresent facts. It was carried over to 2026, re-referred January 21, 2026 and died. Independent journalists and bloggers with fewer than 10,000 monthly readers would have been exempt.
Updates certain crimes to include nonconsensual pornographic deepfake threats and disclosure.
New Jersey's A4435 would amend the criminal invasion of privacy law to cover deepfake images. Recording an actual or deepfake image of a person's exposed intimate parts or sexual activity without consent would be a third-degree crime, and disclosing a nonconsensual deepfake based on another person's image, knowingly or with reckless disregard of lacking a license or privilege, would be a fourth-degree crime. Threatening to disclose such an image would count as criminal coercion. Introduced May 20, 2024. A bill of the Legislature's 2024-2025 session, which ended January 13, 2026.
Election Law - Influence on a Voter's Voting Decision By Use of Fraud - Prohibition
Maryland's SB 361 (2025, third reader text) would have added to the election law ban on influencing a voter's decision by force, threat or bribery a ban on doing so through fraud, with fraud including the use of synthetic media: an image, audio or video recording intentionally created or manipulated with generative AI or other digital technology to create a realistic but false image or recording. Violators would face the existing misdemeanor penalty (up to $5,000, 5 years, or both). It passed the Senate, was amended by the House, and went to conference; the Senate adopted the conference report April 7, 2025 (39-8), but the history shows no House action on it, so it died.
Safe Autonomous Vehicle Act
Illinois's HB 1839 (104th General Assembly) would create the Safe Autonomous Vehicle Act. A motor vehicle manufacturer could start a safe autonomous vehicle project with an Automated Driving System after notifying the Secretary of State and self-certifying under certain conditions. The manufacturer would insure the fleet and assume liability when the system is at fault. Re-referred to the House Rules Committee on March 27, 2026.
An Act Concerning Online Safety
Public Act 26-15 is Connecticut's main AI statute. AI companion operators must disclose that users are talking to AI, run suicide and self-harm protocols and protect minors (from Jan. 1, 2027). Developers and deployers of automated employment-related decision technology must give notices to workers and applicants, enforced by the Attorney General, and AI use is no defense to discrimination claims (Oct. 1, 2026). It also adds frontier-developer whistleblower protections, provenance duties for large generative AI providers, AI subscription disclosures, a statutory AI definition, the CT AI Academy, an AI working group and state-agency AI inventory and assessment rules.
An Act Concerning Consumer Privacy And Protection.
Connecticut's Public Act 26-64 (SB 4) targets data-driven pricing and surveillance. Businesses that use an automated price setting device fed by personal data (other than to set a discount) and advertise the price online must show "THIS PRICE WAS INCREASED BY A PRICE SETTING DEVICE USING YOUR PERSONAL DATA" or similar. Retailers and delivery apps may not use surveillance pricing. Data privacy act controllers using facial recognition on premises for security must match only against their own database and post entrance signs. It also requires data brokers to register, bans selling precise geolocation data, and adds genetic-testing consent rules. Signed May 27, 2026; effective October 1, 2026.
Requires healthcare providers and healthcare facilities to inform patients of the use of artificial intelligence to memorialize patient visits.
Rhode Island's H 7538 Sub A adds Chapter 23-106 to the General Laws. Healthcare providers and healthcare facilities that use AI to document in-person or telehealth visits must notify patients of the use of AI for that sole purpose and review the AI-generated documentation for accuracy after the visit. The Senate passed Sub A and the House concurred June 11, 2026; signed June 22, 2026 (Chapter 199); effective upon passage (June 22, 2026).
Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Act; established, prohibited practices, penalties.
Virginia's HB 635 (2026 Regular Session) would create the Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Act. As introduced, an operator could not offer a companion chatbot in Virginia unless it is incapable of certain specified actions, and would have to show non-human disclosures and have a suicide and self-harm protocol. Continued to 2027 on February 9, 2026.
ALGORITHMIC PRICING DISCLOSURE
Illinois's HB 4717 (104th General Assembly) would require an entity that sets prices with personalized algorithmic pricing (dynamic pricing set by an algorithm using personal data) and advertises or offers it using the consumer's personal data to include the disclosure 'THIS PRICE WAS SET BY AN ALGORITHM USING YOUR PERSONAL DATA'. A violation would be an unlawful practice under the Consumer Fraud Act. Referred to the House Rules Committee February 6, 2026.
Protecting Consumers from Deceptive AI Act
The federal H.R. 8479 (Protecting Consumers from Deceptive AI Act) would have NIST set up task forces on standards for identifying AI-generated content and require generative AI application providers to embed a machine-readable disclosure in audio or visual content they create or substantially modify, and large online platforms to show it to users. The FTC would write rules within 2 years and enforce them as unfair or deceptive practice rules. Introduced April 23, 2026 and referred to the House Energy and Commerce and Science, Space, and Technology committees; no further action.
Artificial Intelligence Civil Rights Act of 2025
The federal S. 3308 (Artificial Intelligence Civil Rights Act of 2025) would bar developers and deployers from offering or using a covered algorithm in a way that causes or contributes to disparate impact or otherwise discriminates based on a protected characteristic in consequential actions such as employment, education, housing, health care, credit, insurance and government benefits. It would require independent-auditor evaluations and annual assessments, public disclosures, human alternatives and appeals, with enforcement by the FTC, State attorneys general and private suits. Introduced December 2, 2025 and referred to the Senate Commerce Committee; no further action.
SANDBOX Act Strengthening Artificial intelligence Normalization and Diffusion By Oversight and eXperimentation Act
The federal S. 2750 (SANDBOX Act) would require the OSTP Director to establish, within one year after enactment, an AI regulatory sandbox where persons may apply for temporary waivers or modifications of federal agency rules to test AI products, services or development methods. Agencies would decide within 90 days; waivers last 2 years with up to four 2-year renewals. Participants must report harmful incidents within 72 hours and make consumer disclosures, and the program ends 12 years after it is established. Introduced September 10, 2025 and referred to the Senate Commerce Committee; no further action.
AI Impersonation Prevention Act of 2025
The federal H.R. 4628 (AI Impersonation Prevention Act of 2025) would amend 18 U.S.C. 912 to make it a crime to knowingly use AI to impersonate an officer or employee of the United States, including by mimicking a federal officer's voice or likeness without an explicit disclaimer, and thereby produce materially false or misleading content. The penalty is a fine or up to three years in prison, or both. Satire, parody and protected expression with a clear disclosure of inauthenticity are not limited. Introduced July 23, 2025 and referred to the House Judiciary Committee; no further action.
Ending FCC Meddling in Our Elections Act
The federal H.R. 9913 (Ending FCC Meddling in Our Elections Act) would have barred the FCC from finalizing or enforcing its proposed rule on disclosure of AI-generated content in political ads (FCC 24-74, MB Docket No. 24-211, adopted July 10, 2024), or any substantially similar rule. Introduced October 4, 2024 and referred to the House Energy and Commerce Committee; it died when the 118th Congress ended on January 3, 2025.
Requires advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer; imposes a $1,000 civil penalty for a first violation and a $5,000 penalty for any subsequent violation.
New York's A 606-B would have amended General Business Law § 396-b to require a person in the business of dealing in property or services who places a commercial advertisement to conspicuously disclose a synthetic performer in it, where the person has actual knowledge. The civil penalty would have been $1,000 for a first violation and $5,000 for any subsequent one; advertisements for expressive works such as films and video games were exempt if the use matched the work. Reported and placed on the Assembly third reading calendar in 2025, the enacting clause was stricken January 12, 2026. A Senate version, S1228-C, exists.
Requires disclosure of social media posts that are paid for by a campaign; authorizes the state board of elections to promulgate certain regulations.
New York's A 3929-B would amend Election Law § 14-106 so campaign-paid social media posts would have to carry the "Paid for by" disclosure and are not exempt as small digital media, and would require anyone who distributes political communications containing materially deceptive media (content created or altered with software, machine learning, AI or other technological means), with actual knowledge, to disclose the manipulation. A candidate depicted without consent could seek an injunction, costs and fees. Would take effect on the ninetieth day after becoming law. Reported to Rules June 5, 2025, referred to Codes January 7, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Crimes and punishments; creating and disseminating a digitization or synthetic media; making certain acts unlawful; emergency.
Not law. The committee substitute for HB 3299 would have made it a misdemeanor in Oklahoma (up to 1 year and $1,000) to create and disseminate synthetic media of another person's name, image, voice or likeness without written consent and with intent to deceive and cause harm, and a felony (up to 5 years and $10,000) when it causes over $25,000 in financial harm or is used for extortion or blackmail. It would also have required disclosure of synthetic media in political ads and attestations from content creators. It cleared House committees in February 2026 but never received a House floor vote.
AN ACT relating to privacy protection.
Kentucky's HB 45 (2024 session) was a privacy bill covering automated license plate readers (data kept no more than 30 days with exceptions, no sale), drone surveillance, deep fakes, identification devices and tracking devices. The deep fake sections would have given a civil action against anyone who willfully and knowingly disseminated a deep fake without written consent and made certain harmful disclosures a Class D felony. The House passed it 96-0 with a committee substitute on February 28, 2024; in the Senate it was reassigned to Transportation March 7, 2024 and died.
Enacts the "political artificial intelligence disclaimer (PAID) act"; requires political communications that use synthetic media to disclose that they were created with the assistance of artificial intelligence; requires committees that use synthetic media to maintain records of such usage.
New York's A 7106-B (the "political artificial intelligence disclaimer (PAID) act") would have amended Election Law § 14-106 to require political communications that include synthetic media to state "THIS POLITICAL COMMUNICATION WAS CREATED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE," and to require committees to keep and file records of their synthetic media use. Introduced May 10, 2023 and last amended and recommitted to the Election Law Committee March 18, 2024; it never passed either chamber and died at the end of the 2023-2024 session.
AN ACT relating to autonomous vehicles.
Vetoed. Kentucky's HB 135 (2023) would have let fully autonomous vehicles (SAE level 4 or 5) run on Kentucky highways without a human driver if the system could reach a minimal risk condition after a failure and follow traffic laws. Operators would have filed a law enforcement interaction plan with the Transportation Cabinet and State Police and shown $5 million in liability coverage; the owner would have been the operator under traffic laws, public agencies could not ban the vehicles, and only the lead truck in a platoon would have needed a driver. The Governor vetoed it April 10, 2023.
Requires policing agencies to conduct an inventory of, and develop a publicly-available policy for, any artificial intelligence used to aid criminal investigations.
New York's A 9253-A would add Executive Law § 837-ww requiring policing agencies to publish a public disclosure of each “covered AI” used to aid criminal investigations, at least ninety days before using a new product and within 180 days of the effective date for products already in use. Any use in an investigation would have to be noted in the police report, and the Attorney General would issue a model policy. Introduced November 21, 2025; amended and recommitted to the Codes Committee March 17, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (deepfake and machine-manipulated media provisions, Division E secs. 5709 and 5724)
The FY2020 NDAA's intelligence division contains the first federal deepfake provisions. Section 5709 requires the Director of National Intelligence to report on foreign capabilities to produce machine-manipulated media and machine-generated text, and to notify Congress when a foreign entity deploys such media against U.S. elections or political processes. Section 5724 directs a prize competition of up to $5,000,000, run through IARPA, for technology that automatically detects machine-manipulated media (video, image or audio generated or substantially modified with machine learning). Other NDAA provisions are outside this entry.
Relating To Artificial Intelligence.
Hawaii's SB 640 (2025) would have added a part to HRS chapter 481B making it unlawful in a commercial transaction to use an AI chatbot that may mislead a reasonable person into thinking they are talking to a natural person unless a clear and conspicuous disclosure is given. Violations would be unfair or deceptive acts, with private suits (greater of $1,000 or treble damages), attorney general action and civil penalties up to $5,000,000. The Senate committees CPN and LBT deferred it February 7, 2025; it was carried over to 2026 with no further action and died.
Ai, Deepfakes, Cybersecurity, Data Xfers
Alaska's HB 306 would have required a statement ('This communication has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence') on campaign communications containing a deepfake meant to injure a candidate or party or deceive voters. It would also have set rules for state agency AI used for consequential decisions: inventories, impact assessments, notice, consent, appeals and bans. It was heard and held in House State Affairs March 19, 2024 and died when the 33rd Legislature ended.
Election Law – Campaign Materials – Disclosure of Use of Synthetic Media
Maryland's HB 872 (2024) would have required candidates, campaign finance entities, certain registrants and their agents to include a disclosure when they distribute campaign material made with or containing synthetic media (an image, audio or video intentionally manipulated with generative AI or other digital technology to create a realistic but false version) to anyone in Maryland. Violations would have been a misdemeanor (up to $1,000, 1 year, or both). A hearing was set for February 27, 2024; it went no further and died when the session ended.
Algorithmic Transparency and Choice Act
The federal H.R. 6253 (Algorithmic Transparency and Choice Act) would require, beginning 1 year after enactment, providers of online platforms that use personalized recommendation systems to give minors under 18 a clear notice of the system, detailed terms-and-conditions disclosures, options to switch to an input-transparent algorithm or limit recommendation categories, and an input-transparent algorithm by default. The FTC would enforce it as a rule violation, and it would preempt State requirements covering the same ground. Introduced November 21, 2025; the Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade Subcommittee forwarded it to the full Energy and Commerce Committee on December 11, 2025.
Online Internet Safety; certain disclosures related to conversational AI services; require
Georgia's AI companion chatbot law (Act 518, effective July 1, 2027). Operators must clearly disclose that users are talking to an AI, at the start and at least every three hours (hourly for minors or minor-directed bots). For known minors they must take reasonable measures to block sexual content, romantic role-play, encouraging secrecy or isolation, and manipulative engagement tactics. Every operator needs a self-harm crisis protocol with referrals such as 988, published in summary with yearly referral counts, plus parental tools and age assurance before any sexually explicit feature. The Attorney General enforces it, with penalties up to $10,000 per knowing violation.
Interim study to examine changes to state law regarding the use of artificial intelligence in political campaigns
Not a law. Nebraska LR412 (2024), introduced by Senator John Cavanaugh, is an interim study resolution that designated the Government, Military and Veterans Affairs Committee to study changes to state law on artificial intelligence in political campaigns, including First Amendment concerns, other states' laws, federal law, enforcement under the Political Accountability and Disclosure Act and civil remedies. The last official action was a hearing notice for September 19, 2024. A resolution does not change the law.
ELECTIONS/CAMPAIGNS: Requires disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence in telephone campaign communications
Louisiana's Act 559 requires a disclosure on campaign phone calls that use an AI-generated voice of a public figure. A telephone or automated call advocating for or against a candidate, elected official or ballot proposition that is created with AI using the voice of a public figure, including an elected official or limited public figure, must say clearly at the start that it was created using AI. Fines are up to $2,500, then $5,000 for later violations; the Board of Ethics enforces. Platforms, service providers and broadcasters aren't liable for others' content. Effective August 1, 2026.
AI/Ban Deceptive Ads
North Carolina's HB 375 would create the Artificial Intelligence and Synthetic Media Act (new Chapter 170). It would regulate deceptive deepfakes in elections, make generated child pornography and non-consensual fabricated intimate images crimes, and require disclosure of generative AI use by regulated occupations. Filed March 11, 2025 and referred to committees March 13, 2025; it has not passed either chamber.
Protections for Youth on Social Media
Colorado's HB 26-1148 as introduced would add minor-protection duties for online gaming businesses (default privacy settings, an account-deletion tool, limits on using a minor's data to recommend media, a 5% fee on minors' add-on purchases) and would require social media platforms to disclose their algorithmic recommendation systems and bar using them to distribute illicit substances to minors. House Judiciary postponed it indefinitely 8-3 on April 7, 2026; it did not pass.
Relative to the use of artificial intelligence by state agencies.
New Hampshire's HB 1688 adds RSA chapter 5-D. State agencies may not use AI to classify people in ways that cause unlawful discrimination, use real-time remote biometric identification for public surveillance (except law enforcement with a warrant), or use deepfakes for deceptive or malicious purposes. Irreversible AI decisions need human review, generative AI material not reviewed by a human must be labeled, and users must be told when they interact with AI. Signed July 12, 2024 (Chapter 209); effective July 1, 2024.
Limit government use of AI systems
HB 178 (Chapter 427 of 2025) limits government AI use. State and local government entities and state officers may not use an AI system for cognitive behavioral manipulation, to classify people in ways that cause unlawful discrimination or disparate impact, for a malicious purpose, or to surveil public spaces except to find a missing, endangered or wanted person or as the facial surveillance law allows. AI-produced material published without review by a trained human must be labeled, and public-facing AI interfaces disclosed. Any AI recommendation or decision that could affect a person's rights must be reviewed by a responsible human who can reject or modify it. Effective October 1, 2025.
Prohibits deepfake pornography and imposes criminal and civil penalties for non-consensual disclosure.
New Jersey's S976 would make it a third-degree crime to disclose deceptive audio or visual media (deepfakes) depicting sexual activity or intimate parts without the person's consent, with a fine of up to $30,000. It would also treat such media depicting a child as child sexual exploitation material with the same penalties as other such items, and give the depicted person a civil action in Superior Court with at least $1,000 liquidated damages per violation. Pre-filed for the 2024 session. A bill of the Legislature's 2024-2025 session, which ended January 13, 2026.
Prohibits creation or disclosure of deceptive audio or visual media, known as "deepfakes," under certain circumstances.
New Jersey's S2483 would make it a fourth-degree crime to create deceptive audio or visual media (deepfakes) without license or privilege and for an unlawful purpose, and a third-degree crime to disclose such media, knowing or reasonably should know it was unlawfully created, without clearly labeling it. A fine of up to $30,000 may be imposed for disclosure. The person depicted could sue for at least $1,000 in liquidated damages per violation. Introduced February 5, 2024. A bill of the Legislature's 2024-2025 session, which ended January 13, 2026.
AN ACT relating to privacy protection.
Kentucky's HB 58 (2026) makes it unlawful for anyone, including the state and local governments, to use automated license plate readers (ALPRs: high-speed cameras plus data processing that turn vehicle and plate images into computer-readable data) except for listed purposes such as parking, secured-area access, public safety and auto theft, law enforcement, commercial vehicle enforcement and tolls. Captured data generally may not be kept over 90 days or sold or shared, with exceptions for police, insurers and lenders. Violations carry fines of $20 to $2,000, up to one year in jail, or both. Signed April 10, 2026 (Acts Ch. 71).
Education; institute initiatives to promote literacy in math, reading, finance, computer science, and civics.
Mississippi's SB 2294 is a broad education act: the Mississippi Math Act (the Moving Mathematics in Mississippi program), reading interventions for grades 4-8, financial literacy and civics requirements, and the Mississippi Future Innovators Act. Its AI provision is in the last: starting with the ninth-grade class entering in 2029-2030, public high school students must earn a computer science credit (or a career and technical course with embedded computer science) to graduate, and that course must teach emerging technologies such as AI, including what AI is, how it works and its impact on society. Approved April 8, 2026 (Chapter 479); effective July 1, 2026.
Deepfake Political Advertising Regulation Amendment Act of 2024
The District of Columbia's B25-0832, the Deepfake Political Advertising Regulation Amendment Act of 2024, would have required campaign material containing AI-generated "artificial media" to carry a disclosure statement, barred knowingly distributing artificial media within 90 days of an election, and allowed injunctive relief and Campaign Finance Board civil fines. Introduced June 5, 2024 and referred to committee, it was not enacted and died when Council Period 25 ended.
A bill for an act relating to the licensure of artificial intelligence augmented and autonomous service providers, and including penalties.
Iowa's HSB 766, a House Appropriations study bill, would create a board of autonomous medical practice to license AI augmented and autonomous service providers (AAASPs) that run clinical AI services. A license would be required for fully autonomous AI and for certain advisory and supervised AI. Providers would face patient disclosures, a duty of loyalty, insurance and bond requirements, and civil penalties up to $1,000 per violation per day. A subcommittee recommended passage March 24, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
An Act Regarding Synthetic Media in Campaign Advertising
Maine requires campaign ads that contain 'synthetic media' of a candidate to carry the disclosure 'THIS COMMUNICATION CONTAINS AUDIO, VIDEO AND/OR IMAGES THAT HAVE BEEN MANIPULATED OR ALTERED.' Synthetic media is an image, audio or video of a candidate that deceptively shows them saying or doing something they did not, or is altered to give a materially different impression; clarity edits, captions, satire and parody are excluded. Violations can bring civil penalties of up to 500% of the expenditure, and the Attorney General can seek injunctions. Broadcasters and newspapers are liable only with actual knowledge. Effective July 29, 2026.
Colorado Artificial Intelligence Act
Colorado's SB 24-205 (the Colorado AI Act) covers high-risk AI that makes, or is a substantial factor in making, consequential decisions such as hiring, lending, housing, insurance and health care. Developers and deployers must use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination; deployers need risk programs, impact assessments and notices. Signed May 17, 2024 (Chapter 198). Duties run from June 30, 2026 (SB 25B-004) until SB 26-189 replaces Part 17 on January 1, 2027. Under a stipulated April 27, 2026 order in X. AI LLC v. Weiser (D. Colo.), the Attorney General may not start enforcement over violations through 14 days after a ruling on xAI's planned preliminary-injunction motion.
Relates to requiring advertisements to disclose the use of synthetic media
Not law. A 216 (2023-2024) would have required anyone advertising goods or services in New York, in any medium, to disclose a synthetic performer in an ad when they knew of it: a digital asset made with generative AI or software to look like a human performer who is not any identifiable real person. Violations would have carried civil penalties of $1,000, then $5,000 for each later one. Its final version, A 216-C, was sent to the Assembly Rules Committee on June 6, 2024 and died when the session ended. A later version, S 8420-A, became law in December 2025.
Public Records/Investigations by the Department of Legal Affairs
Florida's SB 4-D (2026 Special Session D) would have made information the Department of Legal Affairs holds about notifications or investigations of violations of the companion chatbot, bot consumer-protection and deidentified-data sections created by SB 2-D (the Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights) confidential and exempt from public records laws. It passed the Senate 33-4 on April 28, 2026 and died in the House Information Technology Budget & Policy Subcommittee on April 29, 2026; it did not become law.
Enacts the preventing algorithmic pricing discrimination act
New York's S 7033 would have enacted the Preventing Algorithmic Pricing Discrimination Act. Anyone who knowingly advertised or published personalized algorithmic pricing based on a person's consumer data would have had to disclose "THIS PRICE WAS SET BY AN ALGORITHM USING YOUR PERSONAL DATA" (new General Business Law § 349-a), and General Business Law § 396 would have barred using protected class data in pricing. The Attorney General could seek penalties of up to $1,000 per violation. The Senate struck the enacting clause on April 15, 2026.
Labor and Employment - Automated Employment Decision Tools - Prohibition
Maryland's HB 1255 (2024) would have barred employers from using automated employment decision tools to screen applicants or decide terms of employment unless the tool passed a yearly impact assessment finding no high-risk action, and required employers to notify affected applicants within 30 days of use. Civil penalties would start at up to $500 per violation. An Economic Matters hearing was set for March 6, 2024; it went no further and died when the session ended.
Relates to transparency and safety requirements for developers of artificial intelligence models
New York's S 8828 (Chapter 96 of 2026) is the chapter amendment to the RAISE Act (Chapter 699 of 2025). It repealed and replaced General Business Law Article 44-B and set the effective date at January 1, 2027. Developers of frontier models (over 10^26 training operations) must publish transparency reports when deploying and report critical safety incidents to a Department of Financial Services office within 72 hours. Those with over $500 million in revenue must also publish and follow a frontier AI framework, report internal-use risk assessments, file disclosure statements and pay assessments, and face Attorney General penalties up to $1 million, then $3 million. Signed March 27, 2026.
An act relating to artificial intelligence and elections
Vermont's H.846 (2026) is a short-form bill that, per its statement of purpose, would have addressed artificial intelligence and elections. High-traffic online platforms would have had to block materially deceptive election content and label inauthentic or synthetic content around elections. Distributing an election communication with materially deceptive content 'with malice' within 120 days before a Vermont election would have been barred, and political advertisements generated or substantially altered with AI would have needed a disclosure. Referred to committee January 30, 2026; died with the biennium.
Defining synthetic media in campaigns for elective office, and providing relief for candidates and campaigns.
Chapter 360, Laws of 2023 addresses election deepfakes. Synthetic media is an image, audio or video of a person's appearance, speech or conduct intentionally manipulated with generative adversarial network techniques or other digital technology to create a realistic but false depiction with a fundamentally different impression than the original. A candidate depicted in synthetic media in an electioneering communication can seek an injunction and sue the sponsor for damages. A set-format disclosure that the media "has been manipulated" is an affirmative defense. The sponsor, not the medium, is liable unless the medium removes the disclosure or alters the content. Now chapter 29B.35 RCW.
Content Origin Protection and Integrity from Edited and Deepfaked Media Act of 2025
Federal S 1396, the Content Origin Protection and Integrity from Edited and Deepfaked Media Act of 2025, would direct the NIST Under Secretary to set up a public-private partnership on content provenance and synthetic-content detection standards. Starting 2 years after enactment, makers of tools for creating synthetic or synthetically-modified content would have to let users attach provenance information; removing it would be unlawful in some cases. Introduced April 9, 2025 and referred to the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee; it has not passed either chamber.
Relating to the use of artificial intelligence in campaign communications; declaring an emergency.
Oregon's SB 1571 requires any campaign communication (one supporting or opposing a clearly identified candidate or measure, at any spending level) that includes synthetic media to carry a disclosure that the image, audio or video has been manipulated. Synthetic media is an individual's image, audio or video intentionally manipulated with AI or similar digital technology into a realistic but false depiction that changes a reasonable person's understanding. The Secretary of State, or the Attorney General for Secretary of State races, may seek injunctions, and courts impose civil penalties up to $10,000. Signed March 27, 2024 (Chapter 62, Oregon Laws 2024); effective on signing.
ALGORITHMIC PRICING
Illinois's HB 4544 would create the Preventing Algorithmic Pricing Discrimination Act. Anyone who knowingly advertises personalized algorithmic pricing based on a person's consumer data would have to state that the price was set by an algorithm using the person's personal data, and pricing could not use protected class data to deny or vary offers. Filed January 22, 2026; referred to the House Rules Committee January 30, 2026 (co-sponsor added February 18, 2026); it has not passed either house.
Health insurance
Not law. S. 920 would have required South Carolina health insurers that use AI, algorithms or other software for prior authorization to base decisions on the patient's own medical history and clinical circumstances, have a licensed physician or other qualified professional make every denial, reduction or deferral, tell enrollees that AI is used, certify yearly that their tools are fair and non-discriminatory, and share denial rates on request, with Department of Insurance enforcement. The Senate Banking and Insurance Committee reported it favorably on April 30, 2026, but it was never taken up before the regular session ended.
Providing for artificial intelligence in facilities, for artificial intelligence use by insurers and for artificial intelligence use by MA or CHIP managed care plans; imposing duties on the Department of Health, the Insurance Department and the Department of Human Services; and imposing penalties.
Pennsylvania's HB 1925 (2025-26), as amended (Printer's No. 3963), would add rules for AI in health care facilities, AI use by insurers and AI use by MA or CHIP managed care plans, with duties for the departments of Health, Insurance and Human Services and penalties. The captured text covers the facilities chapter: patient disclosure and responsible-use rules for AI in clinical decision making. It passed the House 144-59 on September 30, 2026.
Prohibit distributing deepfakes under the Nebraska Political Accountability and Disclosure Act
Not law. Nebraska LB615, introduced by Senator John Cavanaugh, would have barred distributing a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of a candidate or party within 90 days before an election, if the distributor knew or should have known what it was. A disclaimer saying the media was manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence would have made the ban inapplicable, and a depicted candidate could have sought an injunction. Indefinitely postponed April 17, 2026.
Requires disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence in political communications; directs the state board of elections to create criteria for determining whether a political communication contains an image or video footage created through generative artificial intelligence and to create a…
This bill mandates disclosure of AI use in political communications and directs the state board of elections to define AI-generated content.
Relating to the disclosure and use of artificial intelligence.
Texas HB 5496 (2025), as introduced, would have added Chapter 611 to the Business & Commerce Code. A person using AI in conducting business or providing a good or service to a Texas resident, including social media, political advertising or financial services, would have had to maintain AI industry best-practice standards, give individuals a tool to detect AI use, explain how and why an AI decision was reached, and ensure the AI does not show bias or discriminate on any legally protected classification. A violation would have been a deceptive trade practice. No enrolled version exists, so it died June 2, 2025.
AN ACT RELATING TO COMMERCIAL LAW--GENERAL REGULATORY PROVISIONS -- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COMPANION MODELS
Rhode Island's AI companion law, effective January 1, 2027, applies to operators of AI companions: AI that simulates a sustained human-like relationship by remembering users, asking unprompted emotional questions and keeping up a personal dialogue. Operators must have a protocol for addressing possible suicidal ideation, self-harm or physical harm to others expressed by a user, with a referral to crisis services when detected, and must tell users at the start of an interaction and every three hours that they are not talking to a human. From July 1, 2027 operators file annual reports with the Attorney General, who enforces with penalties up to $15,000 a day. Signed June 22, 2026.
An act relating to the use of synthetic media in elections
Vermont's S.23 (Act 75) bars publishing, communicating or distributing, within 90 days before a Vermont election, synthetic media the person knows is deceptive and fraudulent unless it states: "This media has been manipulated or generated by digital technology and depicts speech or conduct that did not occur." Synthetic media is image, audio or video of a person created or intentionally manipulated with digital technology, including AI. Knowing and intentional violations: fines up to $1,000; $5,000 with intent to cause violence; $10,000 for a repeat within five years; $15,000 for both. Depicted candidates may seek injunctions. Signed and effective March 5, 2026.
An Act relating to defamation claims based on the use of deepfakes; and relating to the use of deepfakes in electioneering communications.
Not law. HB 358 passed the Alaska House 38-2 on May 9, 2024. It would have made a defamation claim based on a deepfake defamation per se and barred knowingly using a deepfake in an electioneering communication to influence an election. People harmed could sue creators, knowing distributors or anyone who stripped a disclosure; a clear 'has been manipulated' label was a defense, and platforms and broadcasters carrying others' ads were not liable. The Senate Judiciary Committee rewrote it on May 13, 2024, but it died when the session ended.
ELEC CD-AI ADVERT DISCLOSURE
Illinois's SB 150 (104th General Assembly) would add Section 9-9.6 to the Election Code. A person, committee or other entity that creates, originally publishes or originally distributes a qualified political advertisement, meaning a paid ad about a candidate, election or ballot question containing an image, audio or video generated in whole or substantially by AI, would have to include a clear and conspicuous statement that it was AI-generated. Re-referred to Assignments April 11, 2025.
Requires disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence in political communications; directs the state board of elections to create criteria for determining whether a political communication contains an image or video footage created through generative artificial intelligence and to create a…
New York's S 7592-A (2023-2024) would have amended Election Law section 14-106 to require any political communication that uses an image or video generated wholly or partly with artificial intelligence to carry the statement "THIS COMMUNICATION WAS GENERATED USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE", with a fine equal to the amount spent on the communication for failure to disclose. The State Board of Elections would set criteria and a definition. Amended February 26, 2024, it died in Elections when the 2023-2024 session ended.
Consumer Protection - Workgroup on Artificial Intelligence Implementation
Maryland's HB 956 creates the Workgroup on Artificial Intelligence Implementation: legislators, the Attorney General, the Maryland Technology Development Corporation CEO and appointed industry, academic, labor, civil rights, privacy, consumer and cybersecurity representatives. It monitors and makes recommendations on AI, including regulating AI used in decisions that significantly impact people's livelihood and life opportunities, developer and deployer obligations, consumer rights and disclosures, Attorney General enforcement and AI in government benefit decisions, and reports yearly from July 1, 2026. Approved April 22, 2025 (Chapter 105); effective July 1, 2025; ends June 30, 2029.
Prohibits the creation and dissemination of synthetic media within sixty days of an election with intent to unduly influence the outcome of an election; makes such act a class E felony.
New York's S 8400-A (2023-2024) would have added Election Law § 17-172 making it a class E felony to create, or cause to be created, synthetic media and disseminate or publish it within sixty days of an election with intent to injure a candidate or unduly influence the outcome. It excluded commentary, parody, news reporting and media made with consent. Amended January 30, 2024 and left in the Elections Committee; it died when the 2023-2024 session ended.
AN ACT RELATING TO COMMERCIAL LAW--GENERAL REGULATORY PROVISIONS -- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COMPANION MODELS
Rhode Island's AI companion law, effective January 1, 2027, applies to operators of AI companions: AI that simulates a sustained human-like relationship by remembering users, asking unprompted emotional questions and keeping up a personal dialogue. Operators must have a protocol for addressing possible suicidal ideation, self-harm or physical harm to others expressed by a user, with a referral to crisis services when detected, and must tell users at the start of an interaction and every three hours that they are not talking to a human. From July 1, 2027 operators file annual reports with the Attorney General, who enforces with penalties up to $15,000 a day. Signed June 22, 2026.
Provides relative to the use of artificial intelligence in political campaigns
Louisiana's HB 459 (Act 806) bars making an electioneering communication portraying a candidate or an elected official subject to recall that AI was used to create, alter or digitally manipulate so it would falsely appear to a reasonable observer to be an authentic record of their actual speech or conduct and to replace an individual's likeness with theirs, without a clear, understandable disclosure that it was made using AI. A violation intended to injure their reputation or deceive a voter carries a fine up to $2,000, up to two years in prison, or both. Media entities that broadcast paid ads they had no input in or control over are exempt. Signed June 9, 2026; effective August 1, 2026.
California AI Transparency Act.
California's SB 1000 amends the California AI Transparency Act, operative since August 2, 2026. Any producer of a generative AI system publicly accessible in California is now covered (no 1,000,000-user threshold). Providers must offer a free disclosure verification tool (formerly the AI detection tool) and, where technically feasible, embed latent disclosures, now including whether the system created or altered the content, in AI image, video and audio. The manifest-disclosure option is dropped. Assistive-technology systems are exempt until 2029; falsely claiming that status costs $50,000 per violation. Urgency statute signed September 30, 2026 (Chapter 861); effective immediately.
Prohibits deepfake pornography and imposes criminal and civil penalties for non-consensual disclosure.
Not law. A 1892 would have made it a crime in New Jersey to disclose sexually explicit deepfakes of a person without consent, with the same penalty as nonconsensual 'revenge porn' (a third-degree crime: 3 to 5 years and up to $15,000), and would have punished deepfakes depicting the sexual abuse of a child like child sexual abuse material. People depicted could also sue for invasion of privacy. The Assembly Science, Innovation and Technology Committee approved it 7-0 on March 4, 2024, but it got no further action before the 2024-2025 session ended. Its Senate twin was S 976.
Artificial Intelligence Modifications
Utah's HB 276 enacts two AI laws. The Digital Voyeurism Prevention Act bars AI image generation services from distributing counterfeit intimate images of a real person without verified consent, requires covered platforms to remove reported images within 48 hours, and lets victims sue, subject to safe harbors. The Digital Content Provenance Standards Act requires large online platforms to show content provenance data and generative AI providers with over 1,000,000 monthly users and capture-device makers (devices made for sale from 2028) to embed latent disclosures; fines up to $2,500 per violation. Signed March 24, 2026; effective January 1, 2027.
Amends existing law to revise a provision regarding video voyeurism and to revise a penalty for disclosing explicit synthetic media.
Idaho's H 727 (2026 Session Laws Chapter 121) amends two sex-crime laws. Video voyeurism (§ 18-6605), a felony, covers disseminating, publishing or selling, or threatening or conspiring to do so, an identifiable person's intimate image to harass or degrade. Disclosing explicit synthetic media (§ 18-6606), meaning images or videos created or altered with AI or other technical means to realistically show a person in sexual conduct or nude, is a misdemeanor but a felony (up to 10 years, $25,000 or both) if the person shown is under 18 or for a repeat offense within five years. Signed March 25, 2026; effective July 1, 2026.
Regulating high-risk artificial intelligence system development, deployment, and use.
Washington's HB 2157 (Substitute House Bill, 2026 session) would have required developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems, those specifically intended to make, or be a substantial factor in making, consequential decisions such as employment, lending, housing, insurance, health care and education, to use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination, with developer documentation, deployer risk programs and impact assessments, consumer notices, and private lawsuits. It died when the session adjourned March 12, 2026, after the House Rules "X" file on February 19.
Revise election laws regarding disclosure requirements for the use of AI in elections
Montana bars people and groups working in an official election capacity from paying for or sponsoring an election or electioneering communication they know, or should know, is a deepfake of a candidate or party on the ballot, within 60 days before voting begins, unless it carries the disclosure 'This (image/audio/video/multimedia) has been significantly edited by artificial intelligence and depicts speech or conduct that falsely appears to be authentic or truthful.' Aggrieved candidates can sue; repeat violations become crimes. News coverage, satire, paid broadcasters and online platforms are exempt. Effective October 1, 2025.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – Adds to existing law to establish the Conversational AI Safety Act.
Idaho's Conversational AI Safety Act (Idaho Code Title 48, ch. 21) regulates public-facing AI chatbots that simulate human conversation. Operators must disclose that the service is AI when a reasonable person could be misled, adopt a suicide-ideation protocol that refers users to crisis services, and not claim the service provides professional mental health care. For users they know or reasonably believe are minors, operators must show AI disclosures, avoid engagement rewards, block sexually explicit content, and prevent claims of sentience, emotional dependence and romantic role-play. The Attorney General enforces it. Effective July 1, 2027.
Political campaign advertisements; synthetic media, penalty.
Vetoed. Virginia's HB 2479 (2025) would have barred sponsoring an electioneering communication (a paid message naming a candidate, aimed at voters within 60 days of the election) containing synthetic media, meaning deceptively altered or AI-generated images or audio of an identifiable person, unless it conspicuously stated that it contains synthetic media that may present conduct or speech that did not occur. Violations would have carried civil penalties up to $25,000 and, if willful, a Class 1 misdemeanor; voters could have sued to stop the ads. Governor Youngkin vetoed it (March 24, 2025), and the House sustained the veto April 2, 2025.
CONSUMER FRAUD-AI DISCLOSURE
Illinois's SB 2995 (104th General Assembly) would add Section 2MMMM to the Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act. A person could not use AI in trade and commerce to communicate with a consumer in a way that may mislead or deceive a reasonable consumer into thinking they are dealing with a human, unless clearly and conspicuously told otherwise; using AI to sell would require clear notice and an option to request more information; and a business using AI to communicate with consumers would have to offer the option to communicate with a human during ordinary business hours. Last action: re-referred to Assignments May 22, 2026.
Health insurance
South Carolina's Bill S0920 requires health insurers to consider factors like bias and transparency when using AI, mandates disclosures about AI usage to enrollees, and details disciplinary actions such as fines or license suspensions for violations.
Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights
Not law: passed the Senate but died in the House. Florida's SB 2-D (2026 special session D) would have created an "Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights" (new part IX of ch. 501, F.S.): parental consent and parental controls for minors on companion chatbot platforms, an hourly pop-up telling users a bot is not human, limits on selling AI users' personal data, an AI-image consent rule for commercial use of name, image or likeness, rules for AI in schools and a ban on state contracts with AI vendors tied to foreign countries of concern. The Senate passed it 37-1 on April 28, 2026; it died in the House Information Technology Budget & Policy Subcommittee on April 29, 2026.
Artificial intelligence; definitions; requiring operators make certain disclosure; preventative measures for minor account holders; prohibitions; enforcement authority to Attorney General; civil penalty. Effective date.
Not law. SB 1521 would have required operators of public conversational AI services to tell minor users they are talking to AI, through a constantly visible disclaimer or at the start and every 30 minutes, prevent statements suggesting a human for minor accounts, offer minors no engagement rewards, never present the AI as providing professional mental health care, and refer users expressing suicidal ideation to crisis services. The Attorney General could seek $1,000 per violation, capped at $500,000 per company. The Senate (43-0) and House (90-0) passed different versions, but the Senate never voted on the House amendments, so it died with the session.
AN ACT CONCERNING THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND OTHER MEANS TO GENERATE DECEPTIVE SYNTHETIC MEDIA AND AFFECT ELECTIONS.
Did not pass. HB 5342 would have barred distributing deceptive synthetic media (AI-altered or fake images, audio or video of a person) within 90 days before a Connecticut election or primary, without the person's consent and with intent to injure a candidate or sway the result, unless it carried a 'manipulated' disclaimer. Violations would have been crimes, from a class C misdemeanor to a class D felony for repeat offenses, and the Attorney General, depicted people and candidates could have sued. It cleared two committees but never got a House vote; the page previously showed it as passed by one chamber.
Campaign finance: advertising; using artificial intelligence in certain political advertisements; require disclosure. Amends sec. 47 of 1976 PA 388 (MCL 169.247) & adds sec. 59. TIE BAR WITH: HB 5143'23
Michigan's HB 5141 (Public Act 263 of 2023) requires whoever creates, originally publishes or originally distributes a qualified political advertisement (a paid ad about a Michigan candidate, election or ballot question with image, audio or video generated in whole or substantially with AI) to state clearly and conspicuously that it was generated in whole or substantially by AI, with size, timing and language rules for print, audio and video. Fines: up to $250 for a first violation, up to $1,000 for each later one. AI-generated political robocalls need a disclaimer. Approved November 30, 2023; effective February 13, 2024.
Enacts into law major components of legislation necessary to implement the state transportation, economic development and environmental conservation budget for the 2025-2026 state fiscal year; relates to the waterfront commission act; makes amendments to change "applicant" to "licensee or…
New York's 2025-26 budget bill (Chapter 58 of 2025) includes two AI laws. Part U requires operators of AI companions (AI that simulates a sustained human-like relationship) to make reasonable efforts to detect and address suicidal ideation or self-harm and refer users to crisis services such as 988, and to tell users at the start of an interaction and every three hours that they are not talking to a human; the Attorney General can seek up to $15,000 a day (in effect since November 5, 2025). Part X requires businesses using personalized algorithmic pricing to show 'THIS PRICE WAS SET BY AN ALGORITHM USING YOUR PERSONAL DATA' (since July 8, 2025).
Preventing the dissemination of deepfake materials of political candidates before an election.
New Hampshire's HB 630 (2025) would have amended RSA 664:14-c, which bars distributing a deepfake of a candidate, election official or party within 90 days of an election unless it carries a prescribed disclosure, so that it covers deepfakes created using any "synthetic media technology" rather than only "artificial intelligence or generative AI", and so the disclosure refers to "digital technology" instead of "artificial intelligence technology". The House adopted the committee's Inexpedient to Legislate report 201-169 on March 20, 2025, and the bill died.
"Prohibition of Exploitation by Deepfakes Act"; enact.
Mississippi's SB 2437 (2025), the "Prohibition of Exploitation by Deepfakes Act," would have made it unlawful to use an interactive computer service to knowingly publish intimate visual depictions, including AI-made "morphed images," of identifiable individuals in certain circumstances. Per its title it would also have required covered platforms to run a notice-and-removal process. It was referred to Judiciary, Division B on January 20, 2025, and died in committee on February 4, 2025.
Artificial intelligence; definitions; establishing the rights of Oklahomans when interacting with artificial intelligence; effective date.
Oklahoma's HB 3453 (2024), as engrossed, would define artificial intelligence and declare that Oklahomans have rights when dealing with it: to know when they interact with AI in consequential exchanges or consume realistic content generated entirely by AI without human review, to rely on watermarks and content credentials, to consent to AI recreations of their voice or likeness, and to be free from algorithmic discrimination. It passed the House 89-0 on March 14, 2024 and was referred to Senate Judiciary March 27, 2024; it died when the 2024 session ended without Senate passage.
A bill for an act relating to provider requirements concerning the mental health of users of an artificial intelligence chatbot, and providing civil penalties.
Iowa's SF 2415 would bar AI chatbot providers from offering or simulating professional mental health advice or claiming to be a licensed professional, require crisis-referral protocols and repeated AI disclosures, and make violations unfair practices enforced by the attorney general. Referred to Senate Technology February 19, 2026; subcommittee named February 24, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Prohibits creation or disclosure of deceptive audio or visual media, known as "deepfakes," under certain circumstances.
New Jersey's S3305 would make it a fourth-degree crime to create deceptive audio or visual media (deepfakes) without license or privilege for an unlawful purpose, and a third-degree crime to disclose such media without clearly identifying it as deceptive, with a fine up to $30,000. The depicted person could sue for at least $1,000 liquidated damages per violation. Introduced February 2, 2026.
Providing consumer protections for artificial intelligence systems.
Washington's HB 2667 (2026 session), the House companion to SB 6284, would have required deployers of high-risk AI systems used for consequential decisions on education, employment, lending, health care, housing, insurance, legal services and similar matters to guard against algorithmic discrimination. Deployer duties would start July 1, 2027 and consumer notice July 1, 2026; only the Attorney General could enforce. It had a first reading on January 26, 2026, never got a hearing and died at adjournment on March 12.
Enacts the "New York artificial intelligence consumer protection act", in relation to preventing the use of artificial intelligence algorithms to discriminate against protected classes.
New York's A 768, the "New York artificial intelligence consumer protection act," would add General Business Law Article 45-A. Beginning January 1, 2027, developers and deployers of high-risk AI decision systems used in consequential decisions (education, employment, lending, government services, health care, housing, insurance, legal services) would have to use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination, with documentation, impact assessments, consumer notices and appeal rights. Only the Attorney General would enforce it. Referred to Consumer Affairs and Protection January 7, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Consumer Protection - Artificial Intelligence Toys (Artificial Intelligence Toy Safety Act)
Maryland's HB 1261 (2026, the Artificial Intelligence Toy Safety Act, first reader text) would have set rules for toys that use AI and are marketed to or mainly used by children: no sexual, violent or emotionally manipulative content, verified parental consent, limits on child data, pre-sale and annual safety assessments, AI labels, and a civil penalty up to $50,000 per violation plus mandatory recall. It had a House Economic Matters hearing set for March 3, 2026 and died when the 2026 session ended.
Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights
Not law: passed the Senate but died in the House when the session ended. Florida's CS/SB 482 (2026), the "Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights," would have required parental consent and controls for minors on companion chatbot platforms, an hourly not-human notice from bot operators, deidentified data for any sale of user data by AI companies, consent for generative-AI likenesses, and rules for AI tools in schools. The Senate passed it 35-2 on March 4, 2026; it died in House Messages on March 13, 2026.
GUARD Act Guidelines for User Age-verification and Responsible Dialogue Act of 2026
The federal S. 3062 (GUARD Act) would require AI chatbot providers to verify that users of AI companions are adults and bar minors from them, require AI and non-professional disclosures, and make it a crime to knowingly or recklessly make publicly available a chatbot that engages minors in sexually explicit conduct or solicits them to suicide, self-injury, violence or homicide (fines up to $250,000 per offense). Reported by the Judiciary Committee with a substitute May 11, 2026 and placed on the Senate calendar (Calendar No. 406); it has not passed either chamber.
Providing for disclosures and safeguards relating to the use of artificial intelligence; and imposing duties on the Attorney General.
Pennsylvania's SB 1090 (2025-26), the Safeguarding Adolescents from Exploitative Chatbots and Harmful AI Technology Act (Printer's No. 1423), would require operators of AI companion platforms to disclose nonhuman status, maintain suicide and self-harm protocols, and apply safeguards for minors. The Attorney General could seek civil penalties up to $10,000 per violation. It passed the Senate 49-1 on March 17, 2026 and was referred to the House Communications & Technology Committee on March 18.
Artificial intelligence safety and disclosure requirements establishment (RAISE Act)
Not law. Minnesota's SF 4509, the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Safety and Education (RAISE) Act, would have added Minn. Stat. 325M.40 to 325M.42. AI model developers would have had to adopt, publish in redacted form and send to the attorney general a safety and security protocol, not deploy a model creating an unreasonable risk of critical harm, and report safety incidents within 72 hours. Civil penalties would reach $10,000,000, then $30,000,000.
Fostering Access, Innovation, and Responsibility in Artificial Intelligence Act; established.
Virginia's SB 365 (2026 Regular Session) would create the FAIR AI Act. A developer of a base AI model would have to disclose in its terms of service the model's name, developer, incorporation location, release date and other listed items; the disclosure would not be a defense to liability. Continued to 2027 in committee on February 4, 2026.
Employment decisions; automated decision systems, civil penalty.
Virginia's HB 1514 (2026 Regular Session) would have regulated automated decision systems used in employment decisions. State agencies using one as a substantial factor would have had to ensure legal compliance, disclose its use, offer an opt-out, test it annually and train staff, and no employer could make a final employment decision without a human decision maker. It failed: left in House Appropriations Committee on February 18, 2026.
Disclosure of Intimate Images
South Carolina's H. 3058 (Act No. 37 of 2025) creates the crime of unauthorized disclosure of intimate images (S.C. Code §§ 16-15-330, 16-15-332), covering real images and "digitally forged intimate images" made or substantially modified with machine learning or other computer means, even if labeled as fake. Intentionally sharing one without the person's effective consent is a felony if meant to cause harm or for profit (first offense up to $5,000 and/or 5 years; later offenses up to $10,000 and/or 1 to 10 years) and otherwise a misdemeanor for a first offense. Signed May 12, 2025; effective on approval.
Creates the Louisiana Artificial Intelligence Insurance Fairness Act (OR +$1,029,533 SG EX See Note)
Louisiana's HB880, the Louisiana Artificial Intelligence Insurance Fairness Act, would have regulated insurers that use algorithmic decision systems in homeowners, commercial property and casualty, auto, health or life insurance: annual independent disparate-impact audits, prohibited variables, human review of claims decisions, AI disclosures, and a right to explanation. Penalties would run up to $250,000 per violation and consumers could sue. It was considered in House Insurance April 23, 2026 and died.
To establish a commission to investigate AI in education
Not law. S 429 would have created a commission in the Massachusetts Executive Office of Education to study AI in schools and recommend regulations, limits, standards and safeguards. It would have surveyed how public and private school systems use generative AI and automated decision systems (for grading, scheduling, lesson planning and budgeting), examined bias, transparency, data protection, plagiarism and a possible watermark requirement, and produced guidelines for ethical use. On December 4, 2025 it was sent to a study order (S 2792), ending it for the 2025-2026 session.
Relates to the disclosure of automated employment decision-making tools; requires the office of information technology services to maintain an artificial intelligence inventory; provides that the use of artificial intelligence systems shall not affect the existing rights of employees pursuant to an…
New York's S 822 (Chapter 96 of 2025) is the chapter amendment to the LOADinG Act (Chapter 674 of 2024). It dropped that act's human-review and impact-assessment rules for state agency automated decision-making. Instead, each state agency using automated employment decision-making tools must post a list of them on its website by December 30, 2025 and yearly; the Office of Information Technology Services must keep an inventory of state agency AI systems that may directly impact the public, posted on the state's open data site each December 30; and, until July 1, 2028, AI use may not displace state employees or impair collective bargaining. Signed February 14, 2025; effective July 1, 2025.
Relating To The Patients' Bill Of Rights.
Hawaii's Senate Bill 3027 (2026), which calls itself the Hawaii Patients' Bill of Rights of 2025, would have set prior authorization deadlines for health carriers (one business day urgent, three non-urgent) and required written disclosure of any automated decision support tool used in utilization review. A board-certified clinician would have had to independently approve any adverse action the tool materially contributed to. It was referred to committee January 30, 2026 and not enacted. It would have taken effect July 1, 2026.
Adopt the Age-Appropriate Online Design Code Act
Nebraska's LB 504 (2025), the Age-Appropriate Online Design Code Act, applies to covered online services that know a user is a minor. Among the tools a service must give each covered minor, it must let the minor control personalized recommendation systems, defined as fully or partially automated systems that suggest, promote or rank content based on users' personal data, by opting in to a chronological feed or preventing categories of content from being recommended. It also requires tools to limit engagement-boosting design features such as infinite scroll and notifications, and to limit in-game purchases. Approved May 30, 2025; operative January 1, 2026.
Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act
The federal H.R. 1941 (Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act) would let the subject of a digitally manipulated intimate depiction sue anyone who discloses it without consent, with $150,000 in liquidated damages, and make it a federal crime to disclose or threaten to disclose one with intent to harass or to cause harm: up to 2 years in prison, or up to 10 in certain cases. Introduced March 6, 2025 and referred to the House Judiciary Committee; no further action.
To force any media/internet creator providing artificial intelligence created videos to have an identifying marker that allows viewers to know that the video is not real.
West Virginia's HB 4496 (2026 regular session) would have added an Artificial Intelligence Media Disclosure article (W. Va. Code 46A-9) requiring any entity that creates or distributes AI-generated media for public consumption to include a clear and conspicuous disclosure, such as a watermark or on-screen or spoken statement, with video disclosures of at least 3 seconds. Civil penalties would reach $100,000 per day for organizations. It was sent to House Judiciary on January 19, 2026 and died when the session ended March 14, 2026.
QUIET Act Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act
The QUIET Act (H.R. 1027) would amend the Communications Act of 1934 to require anyone making a robocall or sending a robotext who uses AI to emulate a human being to disclose at the start that AI is being used. It would also double the maximum forfeiture and criminal fine when AI is used to impersonate an individual or entity with intent to defraud, cause harm or wrongfully obtain anything of value. Referred to the House Energy and Commerce Committee on February 5, 2025; it has not passed either house.
QUIET Act Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act
The federal S. 3354 (QUIET Act) would amend Section 227 of the Communications Act of 1934 to require anyone making a robocall or robotext who uses AI to emulate a human to disclose at the beginning that AI is being used, and would double the maximum forfeiture and criminal fine for violations in which AI is used to impersonate a person or entity to defraud, cause harm or wrongfully obtain something of value. Referred to the Senate Commerce Committee December 4, 2025; it has not passed either chamber.
Requires search engines inform users when showing information which was generated using artificial intelligence.
New York's A 9091 would add General Business Law § 399-ss. When a search engine displays information generated by artificial intelligence, it would have to tell the user, in clear, plain language in the same font size as the information, that it was AI-generated, both directly above the information and as a watermark across it. A violation would be punishable by a civil penalty not to exceed $5,000. Would take effect on the ninetieth day after it becomes law. Introduced September 12, 2025, referred to the Consumer Affairs and Protection Committee and held for consideration there May 5, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
Synthetic digital content; definition, penalty, report, effective clause.
Virginia's HB 2124 (2025) would treat AI-made synthetic digital content that realistically but falsely depicts a person as "words" under the insulting-words, defamation-mitigation and criminal slander laws, and make using it for the purpose of a fraud crime a separate Class 1 misdemeanor, with a civil claim for the person depicted. Those changes needed reenactment by the 2026 General Assembly, which did not reenact them, so they are not in the Code of Virginia. The act also had the Attorney General convene a work group, which reported in January 2026. Approved March 24, 2025 (Chapter 398); identical to SB 1053.
Synthetic digital content; definition, penalty, report, effective clause.
Virginia's SB 1053 (2025) would treat AI-made synthetic digital content that realistically but falsely depicts a person as "words" under the insulting-words, defamation-mitigation and criminal slander laws, and make using it for the purpose of a fraud crime a separate Class 1 misdemeanor, with a civil claim for the person depicted. Those changes needed reenactment by the 2026 General Assembly, which did not reenact them, so they are not in the Code of Virginia. The act also had the Attorney General convene a work group, which reported in January 2026. Approved March 24, 2025 (Chapter 407); identical to HB 2124.
An Act Prohibiting The Disclosure Of The Residential Address Of Public School Employees Under The Freedom Of Information Act And Establishing A Task Force Concerning Mass Requests Under The Act.
Connecticut's SB 325 (2026), in the committee substitute text (File No. 292), would add school employees to the list of public employees whose residential addresses a public agency may not disclose from personnel, medical or similar files under the Freedom of Information Act (effective October 1, 2026), and would establish a task force to study individuals using artificial intelligence to develop mass FOIA requests. It passed the Senate on April 22, 2026, and died when the 2026 session ended May 6, 2026.
Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights
Florida's SB 2-D (2026 special session D), the Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights, would have required companion chatbot platforms to get parental consent before a minor holds an account, required bots to tell users hourly that they are not talking to a human, barred AI companies from selling users' personal information unless deidentified, restricted AI tools in schools, and required AI vendors to government to attest they are not owned, controlled or based in a foreign country of concern. It passed the Senate 37-1 on April 28, 2026, was referred in the House to the Information Technology Budget & Policy Subcommittee, and died there on April 29, 2026. It did not become law.
AN ACT relating to protection of information and declaring an emergency.
Kentucky's SB 4 (2025) governs state government's use of AI. The Commonwealth Office of Technology must create an Artificial Intelligence Governance Committee, set standards for agencies' use of generative and high-risk AI, keep a registry of those systems and report yearly. Agencies must disclose AI use to the public, explain AI-driven decisions and offer appeals of consequential decisions. A candidate whose appearance, action or speech is altered with synthetic media in an electioneering communication may sue the sponsor to require a clear disclosure. Signed March 24, 2025 (Acts Ch. 66); emergency act, effective on signing.
AN ACT relating to campaign practices; requiring certain communications relating to an election that include synthetic media to contain a disclosure; and providing other matters properly relating thereto.
Nevada AB 73 adds NRS 294A.3493. A campaign communication paid for by a person, candidate or committee that supports or opposes a candidate or party and includes synthetic media (an image, audio or video of a person intentionally manipulated with AI, generative AI or GAN techniques so it looks real but gives a fundamentally different impression) must clearly state "This (image/video/audio) has been manipulated." Video must show it throughout; audio must say it at the start, end and every 2 minutes. A depicted candidate can sue for an injunction. Broadcasters, platforms and satire/parody are exempt. Effective Jan. 1, 2026.
Restricts use of certain artificial intelligence generated communications in election campaigns.
New Jersey's S3702 would restrict AI-generated election campaign communications. Communications created or altered with AI could not be published within 90 days before an election, must carry the label 'Artificial intelligence was used in creating this message', and could not contain AI deceptive media portraying an opposing candidate as demonstrably false, fraudulent or defamatory. A violation would be a fourth-degree crime. Introduced February 24, 2026.
Identifying Outputs of Generative Adversarial Networks Act (IOGAN Act)
The IOGAN Act directs the National Science Foundation to support research on manipulated or synthesized content and information authenticity, including digital forensic tools, watermarking of generated media, and public awareness of deepfakes (sec. 3). It directs NIST to support measurement and standards research to speed development of tools that examine the outputs of generative adversarial networks (sec. 4). NSF and NIST must jointly report to Congress within one year on the feasibility of public-private partnerships to detect manipulated or synthesized content (sec. 5). Section 6 defines generative adversarial network.
Requires policing agencies to conduct an inventory of, and develop a publicly-available policy for, any artificial intelligence used to aid criminal investigations.
New York's S 10425 would add Executive Law § 837-ww requiring policing agencies to publish a disclosure for any "covered AI" used to aid criminal investigations, including generative AI used to write police reports, at least 90 days before using a new product. Agencies would have to disclose AI use in filed reports, keep audit trails, and adopt an Attorney General model policy. Referred to Codes May 15, 2026; it has not passed either chamber.
State-by-State Regulation of AI Disclosure & Labeling Laws
Artificial intelligence regulation is advancing at the state level. This page lists the 390 published bills we track on AI Disclosure & Labeling Laws. State attorneys general, privacy regulators, and legislatures are developing a patchwork of laws that impose different obligations on businesses deploying AI systems related to this topic. Compliance teams and legal counsel must track both enacted laws and the pipeline of pending bills that could shift requirements at any time.
Obligations differ from bill to bill. Depending on the law, they can include consumer disclosure obligations, prohibition on specific high-risk uses, mandatory algorithmic impact assessments, bias audits, rights to explanation, and human override requirements. Penalties for non-compliance vary by state — use our Penalty Tracker to review enforcement provisions. For upcoming effective dates, see the Deadlines page.
To understand how AI Disclosure & Labeling Laws laws intersect with specific industries, browse our Healthcare, Employment, Insurance, and Financial Services industry trackers. Compare how different state laws approach this topic using our Bill Comparator.